使用信号量进行进程间的互斥

 

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <errno.h> 

union semun
{
	int val;
	struct semid_ds *buf;
	unsigned short int *array;
	//struct seminfo * __buf;
};


static int init_sem( int id );
static int close_sem( int id );
static int sem_p( int id );
static int sem_v( int id );
int main( int argc , char *argv[] )
{
	char *message = "X";
	int sem_id = 0;
	sem_id = semget( (key_t)1234, 1, 0666 | IPC_CREAT );
	printf("sem_id = %d\n" , sem_id);
	if( argc > 1 )
	{
		if( init_sem( sem_id ) == 0 )
		{
			printf("sem init error return!\n");
			exit(1);
		}
		message = argv[1];
	}
	while(1)
	{
		if( sem_p( sem_id ) == -1 )
		{
			exit(1);
		}
		
		printf("%s\n" , message);
		sleep(rand() % 3);		
		printf("%s\n" , message);
		
		if( sem_v( sem_id ) == -1 )
		{
			exit(1);
		}
		sleep( rand() %3 );
	}
	
	if( argc > 1 )
	{
		close_sem( sem_id );
	}
	
	return 0;
}

static int init_sem( int id )
{
	union semun sem_union;
	sem_union.val = 1;
	if( semctl( id, 0, SETVAL, sem_union ) == -1 )
	{
		printf(" semctl:%s\n" , strerror(errno));
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

static int close_sem( int id )
{
	if( semctl( id, IPC_RMID, 0 ) == -1 )
	{
		printf("delete sem error!\n");
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

static int sem_p( int id )
{
	//-1 wait for p
	struct sembuf sem_buf;
	sem_buf.sem_num = 0;
	sem_buf.sem_op = -1;
	sem_buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

	if( semop( id, &sem_buf, 1 ) == -1 )
	{
		printf(" semop:%s\n" , strerror(errno));
		printf("sem_p set error!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	return 1;
}

static int sem_v( int id )
{
	//1 send singal v
	struct sembuf sem_buf;
	sem_buf.sem_num = 0;
	sem_buf.sem_op = 1;
	sem_buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;

	if( semop( id, &sem_buf, 1 ) == -1 )
	{
		printf(" semop:%s\n" , strerror(errno));
		printf("sem_v set error!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	return 1;
}

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/ljianhui/article/details/10243617

以上代码为改正后的代码。

实验结果和参考的博客一致，功能相当于两个进程之间的互斥锁。

出现的问题：

1.semctl函数报错：numerical result out of range

原因是原来的代码子进程的运行流程没有semget，导致传给semctl的id是0，超出范围。

2.semop函数报错：Invalid argument，同理也是因为id号为0导致非法参数。