1002: [FJOI2007]轮状病毒
Time Limit: 1 Sec Memory Limit: 162 MBSubmit: 1947 Solved: 1056
[ Submit][ Status]
Description
给定n(N<=100),编程计算有多少个不同的n轮状病毒。
Input
第一行有1个正整数n。
Output
将编程计算出的不同的n轮状病毒数输出
Sample Input
3
Sample Output
16
HINT
Source
题意:给出一个n各节点的“轮子”图,中间的节点不算入n中,你要选取一些边,使得边和点能构成一颗树,问有多少种取法。
思路:我们把中间那个节点作为树的根,然后其他节点放在第一层排成一条直线,那么我们要做的就是把他们分成若干组,同一个组内连成一条直线,根与其中的一个点相连,那么我们用g[n]表示把n个节点任意分组后有多少种取法,注意根和一个组的点相连时可能会有多个,那么g[n]=sum{g[n-len]*len},但是考虑到这是一个环,我们对每个节点进行标号,分别为1,2,3,4......n,那么g[x]算出的其实是以1为头结点能有节点数为x能有多少种取法,那么我们换一个头结点,变成n,1,2,3,4.....n-1,此时我们的包含头结点那一段的最少长度应该为2,必须要覆盖到1,不然就算重复了。以此类推,转移方程就是f[i]=g[i]+sum{g[i-len]*len]}
代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 100 + 5;
#define MAXN 9999
#define MAXSIZE 10
#define DLEN 4
class BigNum
{
private:
int a[50]; //可以控制大数的位数
int len; //大数长度
public:
BigNum(){ len = 1; memset(a, 0, sizeof(a)); } //构造函数
BigNum(const int); //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
BigNum(const char*); //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
BigNum(const BigNum &); //拷贝构造函数
BigNum &operator=(const BigNum &); //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
friend istream& operator>>(istream&, BigNum&); //重载输入运算符
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, BigNum&); //重载输出运算符
BigNum operator+(const BigNum &) const; //重载加法运算符,两个大数之间的相加运算
BigNum operator-(const BigNum &) const; //重载减法运算符,两个大数之间的相减运算
BigNum operator*(const BigNum &) const; //重载乘法运算符,两个大数之间的相乘运算
BigNum operator/(const int &) const; //重载除法运算符,大数对一个整数进行相除运算
BigNum operator^(const int &) const; //大数的n次方运算
int operator%(const int &) const; //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
bool operator>(const BigNum & T)const; //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
bool operator>(const int & t)const; //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
void print(); //输出大数
};
BigNum f[maxn];
BigNum g[maxn];
int n;
void pre_init()
{
f[1] = 1;
f[0] = 1;
g[0] = 1; g[1] = 1;
for (int i = 2; i <= 100; ++i)
{
for (int len = 1; len <= i; ++len)
{
g[i] = g[i] + g[i - len] * len;
f[i] = f[i] + g[i - len] * len;
}
for (int j = i; j > 1; --j)
for (int len = i + 2 - j; len <= i; ++len)
f[i] = f[i] + g[i - len] * len;
}
}
int main()
{
pre_init();
while (scanf("%d", &n) == 1)
{
cout << f[n] << endl;
}
}
BigNum::BigNum(const int b) //将一个int类型的变量转化为大数
{
int c, d = b;
len = 0;
memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
while (d > MAXN)
{
c = d - (d / (MAXN + 1)) * (MAXN + 1);
d = d / (MAXN + 1);
a[len++] = c;
}
a[len++] = d;
}
BigNum::BigNum(const char*s) //将一个字符串类型的变量转化为大数
{
int t, k, index, l, i;
memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
l = strlen(s);
len = l / DLEN;
if (l%DLEN)
len++;
index = 0;
for (i = l - 1; i >= 0; i -= DLEN)
{
t = 0;
k = i - DLEN + 1;
if (k<0)
k = 0;
for (int j = k; j <= i; j++)
t = t * 10 + s[j] - '0';
a[index++] = t;
}
}
BigNum::BigNum(const BigNum & T) : len(T.len) //拷贝构造函数
{
int i;
memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
a[i] = T.a[i];
}
BigNum & BigNum::operator=(const BigNum & n) //重载赋值运算符,大数之间进行赋值运算
{
int i;
len = n.len;
memset(a, 0, sizeof(a));
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
a[i] = n.a[i];
return *this;
}
istream& operator>>(istream & in, BigNum & b) //重载输入运算符
{
char ch[MAXSIZE * 4];
int i = -1;
in >> ch;
int l = strlen(ch);
int count = 0, sum = 0;
for (i = l - 1; i >= 0;)
{
sum = 0;
int t = 1;
for (int j = 0; j<4 && i >= 0; j++, i--, t *= 10)
{
sum += (ch[i] - '0')*t;
}
b.a[count] = sum;
count++;
}
b.len = count++;
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, BigNum& b) //重载输出运算符
{
int i;
cout << b.a[b.len - 1];
for (i = b.len - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
cout.width(DLEN);
cout.fill('0');
cout << b.a[i];
}
return out;
}
BigNum BigNum::operator+(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相加运算
{
BigNum t(*this);
int i, big; //位数
big = T.len > len ? T.len : len;
for (i = 0; i < big; i++)
{
t.a[i] += T.a[i];
if (t.a[i] > MAXN)
{
t.a[i + 1]++;
t.a[i] -= MAXN + 1;
}
}
if (t.a[big] != 0)
t.len = big + 1;
else
t.len = big;
return t;
}
BigNum BigNum::operator-(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相减运算
{
int i, j, big;
bool flag;
BigNum t1, t2;
if (*this>T)
{
t1 = *this;
t2 = T;
flag = 0;
}
else
{
t1 = T;
t2 = *this;
flag = 1;
}
big = t1.len;
for (i = 0; i < big; i++)
{
if (t1.a[i] < t2.a[i])
{
j = i + 1;
while (t1.a[j] == 0)
j++;
t1.a[j--]--;
while (j > i)
t1.a[j--] += MAXN;
t1.a[i] += MAXN + 1 - t2.a[i];
}
else
t1.a[i] -= t2.a[i];
}
t1.len = big;
while (t1.a[len - 1] == 0 && t1.len > 1)
{
t1.len--;
big--;
}
if (flag)
t1.a[big - 1] = 0 - t1.a[big - 1];
return t1;
}
BigNum BigNum::operator*(const BigNum & T) const //两个大数之间的相乘运算
{
BigNum ret;
int i, j, up;
int temp, temp1;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
up = 0;
for (j = 0; j < T.len; j++)
{
temp = a[i] * T.a[j] + ret.a[i + j] + up;
if (temp > MAXN)
{
temp1 = temp - temp / (MAXN + 1) * (MAXN + 1);
up = temp / (MAXN + 1);
ret.a[i + j] = temp1;
}
else
{
up = 0;
ret.a[i + j] = temp;
}
}
if (up != 0)
ret.a[i + j] = up;
}
ret.len = i + j;
while (ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
ret.len--;
return ret;
}
BigNum BigNum::operator/(const int & b) const //大数对一个整数进行相除运算
{
BigNum ret;
int i, down = 0;
for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
ret.a[i] = (a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1)) / b;
down = a[i] + down * (MAXN + 1) - ret.a[i] * b;
}
ret.len = len;
while (ret.a[ret.len - 1] == 0 && ret.len > 1)
ret.len--;
return ret;
}
int BigNum::operator %(const int & b) const //大数对一个int类型的变量进行取模运算
{
int i, d = 0;
for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
d = ((d * (MAXN + 1)) % b + a[i]) % b;
}
return d;
}
BigNum BigNum::operator^(const int & n) const //大数的n次方运算
{
BigNum t, ret(1);
int i;
if (n<0)
exit(-1);
if (n == 0)
return 1;
if (n == 1)
return *this;
int m = n;
while (m>1)
{
t = *this;
for (i = 1; i << 1 <= m; i <<= 1)
{
t = t*t;
}
m -= i;
ret = ret*t;
if (m == 1)
ret = ret*(*this);
}
return ret;
}
bool BigNum::operator>(const BigNum & T) const //大数和另一个大数的大小比较
{
int ln;
if (len > T.len)
return true;
else if (len == T.len)
{
ln = len - 1;
while (a[ln] == T.a[ln] && ln >= 0)
ln--;
if (ln >= 0 && a[ln] > T.a[ln])
return true;
else
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
bool BigNum::operator >(const int & t) const //大数和一个int类型的变量的大小比较
{
BigNum b(t);
return *this>b;
}
void BigNum::print() //输出大数
{
int i;
cout << a[len - 1];
for (i = len - 2; i >= 0; i--)
{
cout.width(DLEN);
cout.fill('0');
cout << a[i];
}
cout << endl;
}