ORA-12514:TNS 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

            安装Oracle 11g和plsql后，出现sqlplus能登录，但是plsql不能登录，报监听无法识别字符串和连接服务器失败，可能是Oracle Net管理错误等错误。多次换系统安装，也在网上找了好多方法都没解决，后来发现了解决方法，希望能给出现类似状况的朋友帮助。

              我是win8系统，在安装时会出现安装.net3.5的问题，所以先下载离线版.net3.5并安装。

        安装好Oracle 11g和plsql后，在安装路径D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN下 替换掉listener.ora文件、sqlnet.ora文件、tnsnames.ora文件，然后重启即可解决。

下面是三个文件的内容（其中路径修改为自己的路径）：

listener.ora文件：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
   (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
       (SID_NAME = ORCL)
       (ORACLE_HOME =D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
       (PROGRAM = extproc)
     )
     (SID_DESC =
       (GROBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
       (ORACLE_HOME =D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1)
       (SID_NAME=ORCL)
     )
   )


LISTENER =
   (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
     )
     (DESCRIPTION =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
     )
   )

DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (ORCL)

sqlnet.ora文件：

# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

# This file is actually generated by netca. But if customers choose to 
# install "Software Only", this file wont exist and without the native 
# authentication, they will not be able to connect to the database on NT.

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NONE)

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)

tnsnames.ora文件：

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:D:\Oracle\11.2.0\dbhome_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS_LIST =
       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
     )
     (CONNECT_DATA =
       (SERVER = DEDICATED)
       (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
     )
   )