考虑用静态工厂方法代替构造器
服务提供者框架:
- 服务接口(Service Interface);
- 提供者注册接口(Provider Registration API);
- 服务访问接口(Service Access API);
- 服务提供者接口(Service Provider Interface)(可选);
// Service provider framework sketch
// Service interface
public interface Service {
... // Service-specific methods go here
}
// Service provider interface
public interface Provider {
Service newService();
}
// Noninstantiable class for service registration and access
public class Services{
private Services(){} // Prevents instantiation
private static final Map<String, Provider> providers =
new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Provider>();
public static final String DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME = "<def>";
// Provider registration API
public static void registerDefaultProvider(Provider p){
registerProvider(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME, p);
}
public static void registerProvider(String name, Provider p){
providers.put(name, p);
}
// Service access API
public static Service newInstance(){
return newInstance(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME);
}
public static Service newInstance(String name){
Provider p = providers.get(name);
if(p == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"No provider registered with name:" + name);
return p.newInstance(name);
}
}
遇到多个构造器参数是考虑用构建器
一个类可能有一个必需的域和很多个可选的域,程序员常用的方法:
- 重叠构造器模式。
- JavaBeans模式。
- Builder模式。
// Builder Pattern
public class NutritionFacts {
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
private final int calories;
private final int fat;
private final int sodium;
private final int carbohydrate;
public static class Builder {
// Required parameters
private final int servingSize;
private final int servings;
// Optinal paramters - initialized to default values
private int calories = 0;
private int fat = 0;
private carbohydrate = 0;
private int sodium = 0;
public Builder(int servingSize, int servings){
this.servingSize = servingSize;
this.servings = servings;
}
public Builder calories(int val){
calories = val;
return this;
}
public Builder fat(int val){
fat = val;
return this;
}
public Builder carbohydrate(int val){
carbohy = val;
return this;
}
public Builder sodium(int val){
sodium = val;
return this;
}
public NutritionFacts build(){
return new NutritionFacts(this);
}
}
private NutritionFacts(Builder builder){
servingSize = builder.servingSize;
servings = builder.servings;
calories = builder.calories;
fat = builder.fat;
sodium = builder.sodium;
carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
}
}
用私有构造器或者枚举类型强化单例模式
// Enum singleten - the preferred approach
public enm Elvis {
INSTANCE;
public void leaveTheBuilding() { ... }
}