Effective Java读书笔记（一）

考虑用静态工厂方法代替构造器

服务提供者框架：

1. 服务接口（Service Interface）；
2. 提供者注册接口（Provider Registration API）；
3. 服务访问接口（Service Access API）；
4. 服务提供者接口（Service Provider Interface）（可选）；

// Service provider framework sketch

// Service interface
public interface Service {
    ... // Service-specific methods go here
}

// Service provider interface
public interface Provider {
    Service newService();
}

// Noninstantiable class for service registration and access
public class Services{
    private Services(){} // Prevents instantiation

    private static final Map<String, Provider> providers = 
        new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Provider>();
    public static final String DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME = "<def>";

    // Provider registration API
    public static void registerDefaultProvider(Provider p){
        registerProvider(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME, p);
    }

    public static void registerProvider(String name, Provider p){
        providers.put(name, p);
    }

    // Service access API
    public static Service newInstance(){
        return newInstance(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME);
    }

    public static Service newInstance(String name){
        Provider p = providers.get(name);
        if(p == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "No provider registered with name:" + name);
        return p.newInstance(name);
    }
}

遇到多个构造器参数是考虑用构建器

一个类可能有一个必需的域和很多个可选的域，程序员常用的方法：

1. 重叠构造器模式。
2. JavaBeans模式。
3. Builder模式。

// Builder Pattern
public class NutritionFacts {
    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calories;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;

    public static class Builder {
        // Required parameters
        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;

        // Optinal paramters - initialized to default values
        private int calories = 0;
        private int fat = 0;
        private carbohydrate = 0;
        private int sodium = 0;

        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings){
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings = servings;
        }

        public Builder calories(int val){
            calories = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder fat(int val){
            fat = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder carbohydrate(int val){
            carbohy = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder sodium(int val){
            sodium = val;
            return this;
        }

        public NutritionFacts build(){
            return new NutritionFacts(this);
        }
    }

    private NutritionFacts(Builder builder){
        servingSize = builder.servingSize;
        servings = builder.servings;
        calories = builder.calories;
        fat = builder.fat;
        sodium = builder.sodium;
        carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
    }
}

用私有构造器或者枚举类型强化单例模式

// Enum singleten - the preferred approach
public enm Elvis {
    INSTANCE;
    public void leaveTheBuilding() { ... }
}