leecode_python中档题：59. 螺旋矩阵 II

给你一个正整数 n ，生成一个包含 1 到 n2 所有元素，且元素按顺时针顺序螺旋排列的 n x n 正方形矩阵 matrix 。

class Solution(object):
    def generateMatrix(self, n):
        """
        :type n: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        matrix = []
        for i in range(n):
            matrix.append([0 for i in range(n)])
            
        rowBegin = 0
        rowEnd = n-1
        colBegin = 0
        colEnd = n-1
        number = 1
        
        while rowBegin <= rowEnd and colBegin <= colEnd:
            for i in range(colBegin, colEnd+1):
                matrix[rowBegin][i] = number
                number += 1
            rowBegin += 1
            
            for j in range(rowBegin, rowEnd+1):
                matrix[j][colEnd] = number
                number += 1
            colEnd -= 1
            
            if rowBegin <= rowEnd:
                for i in range(colEnd,colBegin-1,-1):
                    matrix[rowEnd][i] = number
                    number += 1
                rowEnd -= 1
            
            if colBegin <= colEnd:
                for j in range(rowEnd,rowBegin-1,-1):
                    matrix[j][colBegin] = number
                    number += 1
                colBegin += 1
                
        return matrix