WPF篇（13）-ScrollViewer控件+ScrollBar滚动条+Slider滑动条

ScrollViewer控件

如果某个控件的尺寸太大，当前界面无法全部显示，则可以将这个控件包含在ScrollViewer中，因为ScrollViewer控件封装了一个水平滚动条ScrollBar和一个垂直滚动条ScrollBar，所以，ScrollViewer就是一个包含其它可视元素的可滚动区域控件。

ScrollViewer继承于ContentControl，所以它也是一个内容控件，只能在Content属性中设置一个子元素，如果要在ScrollViewer中显示多个子元素，请设置一个集合控件。
ScrollViewer 控件既响应鼠标命令，也响应键盘命令，并定义许多可用于按预设的增量滚动内容的方法。 可以使用 ScrollChanged 事件来检测 ScrollViewer 状态的变化。

属性成员

• HorizontalScrollBarVisibility：是否隐藏水平滚动条，为true表示隐藏，此时水平方向不可滚动。
• VerticalScrollBarVisibility：是否隐藏垂直滚动条，为true表示隐藏，此时垂直方向不可滚动。

事件成员

• ScrollChanged：当控件的滚动位置发生变化时将触发此事件。

示例

<ScrollViewer VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
        <WrapPanel>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
                        <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
        </WrapPanel>
    </ScrollViewer>

如上所示，我们在WrapPanel中增加了许多子元素，然后在外面套了一层ScrollViewer，由于WrapPanel是自动换行显示所有子元素（图片），所以，ScrollViewer会做出相应适配，只显示垂直滚动条。

<ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
        <WrapPanel>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
                        <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
        </WrapPanel>
    </ScrollViewer>

ScrollBar滚动条

ScrollBar表示一个滚动条，该滚动条具有一个滑动 Thumb，其位置对应于一个值。它继承于RangeBase抽象基类，RangeBase基类继承于Control基类。带滚动特质的还有两个控件，也继承于RangeBase抽象基类，它们分别是ProgressBar（进度条）和Slider（滑动条）。

RangeBase属性

• LargeChange：表示给Value属性加减的最大值。默认为1。
• SmallChange：表示给Value属性加减的最小值。默认为0.1。
• Value：获取或设置范围控件的当前数量。默认为0。
• Maximum：获取或设置Value属性的最大值。
• Minimum：获取或设置Value属性的最小值。

RangeBase事件成员

ValueChanged：当前Value属性发生改变时触发的事件。

注意：ScrollBar、ProgressBar和Slider都将继承上面的属性、方面与事件成员。

ScrollBar自身属性

ScrollBar自身有两个属性，Orientation 和ViewportSize 。

• Orientation ：表示当前滚动条是水平的还是垂直的。
• ViewportSize：获取或设置当前可见的可滚动内容的数量。默认值为0。

另外，它还有一个滚动事件Scroll可以使用。

举例

前端代码

<Grid x:Name="viewport" >
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="115"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
            <RowDefinition/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Canvas>
            <StackPanel x:Name="element" Orientation="Horizontal" Canvas.Left="{Binding CanvasLeft}">
               <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
                        <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" Width="100" Height="100"/>
            </Border>
            </StackPanel>
        </Canvas>        
        <ScrollBar Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" 
                   Maximum="{Binding Maximum}"
                   Value="{Binding X}"
                   ViewportSize="{Binding ElementName=viewport,Path=ActualWidth}"/>
        <TextBlock Grid.Row="2" Text="ScrollBar" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center" FontSize="24"/>
    </Grid>

观察这个UI设计，在StackPanel控件中增加了多张图片，使其不能完全在Canvas中显示出来，然后在下面实例化了一根水平滚动条。注意滚动条的其中三个参数使用了绑定。

• Maximum：表示这根滚动条的最大值。

• Value：表示滚动条的当前值。

• ViewportSize：表示滚动条要作用于某个控件的宽度（这里实际上指Grid的宽度）。

最后，我们将StackPanel控件的Canvas.Left依赖属性绑定到一个CanvasLeft属性。只要CanvasLeft属性的值发生改变，那么StackPanel相对于Canvas水平位置就发生改变。

那么CanvasLeft属性是怎样发生改变的呢？这一切将在后台代码中实现。

后端代码

 /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            DataContext = this;//将当前窗体作为ViewModel赋值给当前窗体的DataContext
            Loaded += (s, e) =>
            {
                //计算滚动条的最大值
                Maximum = element.ActualWidth - viewport.ActualWidth;
            };
        }
 
        private double maximum = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// 滚动条的最大值
        /// </summary>
        public double Maximum
        {
            get { return maximum; }
            set { maximum = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("Maximum"); }
        }
 
        private double x = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// 滚动条的当前值
        /// </summary>
        public double X
        {
            get { return x; }
            set { x = value; CanvasLeft = -x; NotifyPropertyChanged("X"); }
        }
 
        private double canvasLeft = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// 相对于Canvas控件Left边距
        /// </summary>
        public double CanvasLeft
        {
            get { return canvasLeft; }
            set { canvasLeft = value; NotifyPropertyChanged("CanvasLeft"); }
        }
 
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
 
        /// <summary>
        /// 属性通知方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="propertyName"></param>
        protected virtual void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
        {
            if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
            {
                this.PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
            }
        }
    }

如果把下面这段代码换成Slider控件，也是可以用的：

更换前

<ScrollBar Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" 
                   Maximum="{Binding Maximum}"
                   Value="{Binding X}"
                   ViewportSize="{Binding ElementName=viewport,Path=ActualWidth}"/>

更换后

<Slider Grid.Row="1" Maximum="{Binding Maximum}" Value="{Binding X}"/>

Slider滑动条

Slider滑动条与ScrollBar滚动条有点相似，甚至某些情况下，两者还可以互换使用。Slider也继承于RangeBase基类，其功能是提供一个可以滑动取值的控件。

属性成员

• IsSnapToTickEnabled：Slider会有一些刻度线，如果要求Thumb移动到最近的刻度线，则可将该值设置为true。
• AutoToolTipPrecision：获取或设置Slider的值的小数点位数。
• AutoToolTipPlacement ：获取或设置按下Thumb时是否显示提示工具。
• Interval ：获取或设置用户按下RepeatButton时执行增加减少命令的时间间隔（毫秒）。
• Delay ：获取或设置用户按下RepeatButton时延时多少毫秒后执行命令
• IsDirectionReversed： 获取或设置增加值的方向。
• Orientation ：获取或设置Slider的方向。水平或垂直。
• TickFrequency： 获取或设置刻度线之间的间隔。默认为1.0
• Ticks： 获取或设置为 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 显示的刻度线的位置。
• SelectionStart： 获取或设置 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 的指定选择内容的最大值。
• TickPlacement： 获取或设置刻度线的位置
• IsSelectionRangeEnabled： 获取或设置显示选择范围
• IsMoveToPointEnabled： 如果Thumb 立即移动到鼠标单击的位置，则为true。
• SelectionEnd ：获取或设置 System.Windows.Controls.Slider 的指定选择内容的最大值。

示例

 <Grid x:Name="viewport" >
        <Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
            <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
        </Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <Canvas>
            <Border BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="5" Padding="3" Margin="3">
                <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/Images/R-C.jpg" 
                       Width="{Binding ElementName=slider,Path=Value}" 
                       Height="{Binding ElementName=slider,Path=Value}"/>
            </Border>
        </Canvas>
        <DockPanel Grid.Row="1">
            <TextBlock Text="滑动改变图片大小" Margin="3" FontSize="14"/>
            <Slider x:Name="slider" Minimum="50" Maximum="500" Value="50" Margin="3"/>
        </DockPanel>        
    </Grid>