本函数功能:发送数据（两种发送方式内存发送和文件发送）
内存发送和文件发送的区别：(writev和sendfile)
1、文件发送的效率相对内存发送效率要高很多，效率主要高在少了内核层到用户态的拷贝，用户态到内核态的拷贝。直接在磁盘将数据从网卡发送出去
2、通常的情况下，程序可能会在多个地方产生不同的bufferwritev是读取多个不连续的buffer然后集中写入。大并发服务器的时候这个效率还是很高的。
writev和write函数区别就是在于多个非连续buffer的读取后写入，当负载大的时候就可以很好的体现出性能效果了。
当然如果数据足够小（小于1024）且只有唯一的一个buffer,我们直接用 send/write 就可以了。
3、对于静态文件的传输，用sendfile可以减少系统调用注意：文件发送的常见场景主要是对文件数据不进行改变，如果数据需要作改变还是得用内存发送
引用文章：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7303a1dc0101mh6m.html
参 数：第一个参数是当前的连接，第二个参数是所需要发送的chain，第三个参数是所能发送的最大值
返回值：第一种情况发送完成返回NULL,第二种情况，没发送完返回剩余的chain(假如链表有1,2,3,4,5,6节点--发送了1,2,3，剩余返回的就是4,5,6)
1）send,当前要发送链表所有节点数据的大小（每个节点buf数据相加）
2) pre_send上一次发送数据的大小
3）sent已经发送出去的数据大小
4）complete表示当前链表数据有没有发送完成，主要用来重置写事件wev->ready标志位，ready为0， 在ngx_handle_write_event的时候会根据该标志位判断注册写事件
ngx_chain_t *ngx_linux_sendfile_chain(ngx_connection_t *c, ngx_chain_t *in, off_t limit)
{
int rc, tcp_nodelay;
off_t size, send, prev_send, aligned, sent, fprev;
u_char *prev;
size_t file_size;
ngx_err_t err;
ngx_buf_t *file;
ngx_uint_t eintr, complete;
ngx_array_t header;
ngx_event_t *wev;
ngx_chain_t *cl;
struct iovec *iov, headers[NGX_HEADERS];
#if (NGX_HAVE_SENDFILE64)
off_t offset;
#else
int32_t offset;
#endif
wev = c->write;
if (!wev->ready)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>{
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//printf("no ready \n");
return in;
}
/* the maximum limit size is 2G-1 - the page size */
if (limit == 0 || limit > (off_t) (NGX_SENDFILE_MAXSIZE - ngx_pagesize)) {
limit = NGX_SENDFILE_MAXSIZE - ngx_pagesize;
}
send = 0;
header.elts = headers;
header.size = sizeof(struct iovec);
header.nalloc = NGX_HEADERS;
header.pool = c->pool;
for ( ;; ) {
file = NULL;
file_size = 0;
eintr = 0;
complete = 0;
prev_send = send;
header.nelts = 0;
prev = NULL;
iov = NULL;
/* create the iovec and coalesce the neighbouring bufs */
<span style="color:#ff6666;"> //主要是读取链表参数in的长度大小</span>
for (cl = in; cl && send < limit; cl = cl->next) {
if (ngx_buf_special(cl->buf)) {
continue;
}
#if 1
if (!ngx_buf_in_memory(cl->buf) && !cl->buf->in_file) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, c->log, 0,
"zero size buf in sendfile "
"t:%d r:%d f:%d %p %p-%p %p %O-%O",
cl->buf->temporary,
cl->buf->recycled,
cl->buf->in_file,
cl->buf->start,
cl->buf->pos,
cl->buf->last,
cl->buf->file,
cl->buf->file_pos,
cl->buf->file_last);
ngx_debug_point();
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//printf("sendfile_chain error 1\n");
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
#endif
if (!ngx_buf_in_memory_only(cl->buf)) {
break;
}
size = cl->buf->last - cl->buf->pos;
if (send + size > limit) {
size = limit - send;
}
if (prev == cl->buf->pos) {
iov->iov_len += (size_t) size;
} else {
if (header.nelts >= IOV_MAX) {
break;
}
iov = ngx_array_push(&header);
if (iov == NULL) {
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
iov->iov_base = (void *) cl->buf->pos;
iov->iov_len = (size_t) size;
}
prev = cl->buf->pos + (size_t) size;
send += size;
}
/* set TCP_CORK if there is a header before a file */
if (c->tcp_nopush == NGX_TCP_NOPUSH_UNSET
&& header.nelts != 0
&& cl
&& cl->buf->in_file)
{
/* the TCP_CORK and TCP_NODELAY are mutually exclusive */
if (c->tcp_nodelay == NGX_TCP_NODELAY_SET) {
tcp_nodelay = 0;
if (setsockopt(c->fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
(const void *) &tcp_nodelay, sizeof(int)) == -1)
{
err = ngx_errno;
/*
* there is a tiny chance to be interrupted, however,
* we continue a processing with the TCP_NODELAY
* and without the TCP_CORK
*/
if (err != NGX_EINTR) {
wev->error = 1;
ngx_connection_error(c, err,
"setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY) failed");
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
} else {
c->tcp_nodelay = NGX_TCP_NODELAY_UNSET;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0,
"no tcp_nodelay");
}
}
if (c->tcp_nodelay == NGX_TCP_NODELAY_UNSET) {
if (ngx_tcp_nopush(c->fd) == NGX_ERROR) {
err = ngx_errno;
/*
* there is a tiny chance to be interrupted, however,
* we continue a processing without the TCP_CORK
*/
if (err != NGX_EINTR) {
wev->error = 1;
ngx_connection_error(c, err,
ngx_tcp_nopush_n " failed");
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
} else {
c->tcp_nopush = NGX_TCP_NOPUSH_SET;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0,
"tcp_nopush");
}
}
}
/* get the file buf */
if (header.nelts == 0 && cl && cl->buf->in_file && send < limit) {
file = cl->buf;
/* coalesce the neighbouring file bufs */
do {
size = cl->buf->file_last - cl->buf->file_pos;
if (send + size > limit) {
size = limit - send;
aligned = (cl->buf->file_pos + size + ngx_pagesize - 1)
& ~((off_t) ngx_pagesize - 1);
if (aligned <= cl->buf->file_last) {
size = aligned - cl->buf->file_pos;
}
}
file_size += (size_t) size;
send += size;
fprev = cl->buf->file_pos + size;
cl = cl->next;
} while (cl
&& cl->buf->in_file
&& send < limit
&& file->file->fd == cl->buf->file->fd
&& fprev == cl->buf->file_pos);
}
//下面这个if...else...主要是数据发送，if中是文件发送，else中是内存数据发送，两者分别调用了内核系统调用sendfile/writev
if (file) {
#if 1
if (file_size == 0) {
ngx_debug_point();
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
#endif
#if (NGX_HAVE_SENDFILE64)
offset = file->file_pos;
#else
offset = (int32_t) file->file_pos;
#endif
ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0,
"sendfile: @%O %uz", file->file_pos, file_size);
rc = sendfile(c->fd, file->file->fd, &offset, file_size);
if (rc == -1) {
err = ngx_errno;
switch (err) {
case NGX_EAGAIN:
break;
case NGX_EINTR:
eintr = 1;
break;
default:
wev->error = 1;
ngx_connection_error(c, err, "sendfile() failed");
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, err,
"sendfile() is not ready");
}
sent = rc > 0 ? rc : 0;
ngx_log_debug4(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0,
"sendfile: %d, @%O %O:%uz",
rc, file->file_pos, sent, file_size);
} else {
rc = writev(c->fd, header.elts, header.nelts);
if (rc == -1) {
err = ngx_errno;
switch (err) {
case NGX_EAGAIN:
break;
case NGX_EINTR:
eintr = 1;
break;
default:
wev->error = 1;
ngx_connection_error(c, err, "writev() failed");
return NGX_CHAIN_ERROR;
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, err,
"writev() not ready");
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//printf("writev size=%d not ready\n",rc);
}
sent = rc > 0 ? rc : 0;
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, c->log, 0, "writev: %O", sent);
}
if (send - prev_send == sent) {
complete = 1;
}
#if 0
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>if(sent == 0)
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>printf("send=%lld prev_send=%lld sent=%lld complete=%d rc=%d\n",send,prev_send,sent,complete,rc);
#endif
c->sent += sent;
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//下面这个主要是给发送完数据的chain的buf重置数据标志位，将chain中buf的pos的位置移动到last的位置，但是内存数据其实仍然还在buf中<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
for ( /* void */ ; in; in = in->next) {
if (ngx_buf_special(in->buf)) {
continue;
}
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//sent表示上次发送完成的数据，如果sent小于send剩下的in链表将会作为返回值返回<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
if (sent == 0) {
break;
}
size = ngx_buf_size(in->buf);
if (sent >= size) {
sent -= size;
if (ngx_buf_in_memory(in->buf)) {
in->buf->pos = in->buf->last;
}
if (in->buf->in_file) {
in->buf->file_pos = in->buf->file_last;
}
continue;
}
if (ngx_buf_in_memory(in->buf)) {
in->buf->pos += (size_t) sent;
}
if (in->buf->in_file) {
in->buf->file_pos += sent;
}
break;
}
if (eintr) {
continue;
}
if (!complete) {
wev->ready = 0;
return in;
}
if (send >= limit || in == NULL) {
return in;
}
}
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