[iOS] 键盘遮挡输入框的处理

1. 方案简述

键盘遮挡输入框的处理，主要是依靠UIKeyboardWillShowNotification(键盘出现)和UIKeyboardWillHideNotification(键盘消失)的通知来实现的。

通过UIKeyboardWillShowNotification.userInfo[UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey]，可以获得键盘出现后的frame，该frame是相对于窗口基坐标系(window base coordinates)的frame。因此，将输入框的frame转换到相同的坐标系，然后比较键盘的frame和输入框转换后的frame，就可以获得页面需要上移的距离。

2. 方案实现

(1) 添加变量

@interface ViewController ()

/// 页面未上移前的高度
@property(assign, nonatomic) CGFloat viewOriginY;

@end

(1) 添加通知

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];
    
    // 保存页面未上移前的高度
    self.viewOriginY = self.view.frame.origin.y;
    
    // 添加键盘弹出/消失的通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardWillShowNotification:) name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object:nil];
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardWillHideNotification:) name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object:nil];
}

- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
    [super viewWillDisappear:animated];

    // 移除键盘弹出/消失的通知
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:UIKeyboardWillShowNotification object:nil];
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:UIKeyboardWillHideNotification object:nil];
}

(2) 通知事件处理

/// 键盘弹出的通知
- (void)keyboardWillShowNotification:(NSNotification *)sender {
    // 获取键盘弹出后的Rect
    NSValue *keyBoardEndFrame = [sender userInfo][UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey];
    CGRect endRect = [keyBoardEndFrame CGRectValue];
    
    // 获得响应的TextField
    UITextField *textField = [self textFieldWithFirstResponderInThisView];
    if (textField) {
        // 计算输入框相对于window base coordinates(nil)的坐标
        CGRect textFieldFrame = [textField convertRect:textField.bounds toView:nil];
        
        // 计算输入框下边的位置和键盘上边的差值
        CGFloat occlusionHeight = textFieldFrame.origin.y + textFieldFrame.size.height - endRect.origin.y;

        if (occlusionHeight > 0) {
            // 当差值大于0时，说明键盘遮挡了输入框，需要将self.view上移
            [UIView animateWithDuration:0.25f animations:^{
                self.view.frame = CGRectMake(0, self.viewOriginY - occlusionHeight, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);
            }];
        } else if (self.view.frame.origin.y != self.viewOriginY) {
            // 若self.view移动过，则复原self.view的位置
            [UIView animateWithDuration:0.25f animations:^{
                self.view.frame = CGRectMake(0, self.viewOriginY, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);
            }];
        }
    }
}

/// 键盘消失的通知
- (void)keyboardWillHideNotification:(NSNotification *)sender {
    if (self.view.frame.origin.y != self.viewOriginY) {
        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.25f animations:^{
            self.view.frame = CGRectMake(0, self.viewOriginY, self.view.frame.size.width, self.view.frame.size.height);
        }];
    }
}

(3) 点击空白处收起键盘

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    // 点击空白处，退出键盘
    [self.view endEditing:YES];
}

(4) 当页面存在多个输入框时，获得第一响应者

/// 获得当前页面响应的输入框
- (UITextField *)textFieldWithFirstResponderInThisView {
    // 当知道是哪个TextField被响应时，就可以不需要使用递归来获取第一响应者
    return (UITextField *) [self findFirstResponder:self.view];
}

/// 通过递归获得第一响应者
- (UIView *)findFirstResponder:(UIView *)view {
    if ([view isFirstResponder]) {
        return view;
    }
    
    for (UIView *subView in view.subviews) {
        UIView *firstResponder = [self findFirstResponder:subView];
        if (firstResponder) {
            return firstResponder;
        }
    }
    
    return nil;
}

3. 方案效果图