JavaWeb学习03 ServletContext和HttpServletResponse

ServletContext

• web容器在启动的时候 它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContent对象 它代表了当前web应用

数据共享

• 在一个Servlet中保存的数据 可以在另一个Servlet中拿到

// ServletHello将数据存入servletcontent
public class ServletHello extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        resp.setContentType("text/html");
//        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//        ServletContext servletContext = new ServletContext;
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String url = "www.baidu.com";
        servletContext.setAttribute("urlname",url); //key  value

    }
    
// ServletContent 将数据从servletcontent中读取
public class SevletContent extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // this.getInitParameter();  初始化参数
        // this.getServletConfig(); servlet配置

        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String context = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("urlname");
        resp.getWriter().print(context);
    }
    
//注册servlet
 <servlet>
            <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>com.wu.servlet.ServletHello</servlet-class>
        </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>content</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wu.servlet.SevletContent</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>content</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/content</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

获取初始化参数

//先在web.xml 配饰初始化参数
 <!--设置初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306</param-value>
    </context-param>
 //getInitParameter()获取参数
   String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");

请求转发

//注册servlet
<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/dispatch</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
//调用getRequestDispathch().forward(req,resp)实现转发
public class ServletDispatch  extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/content");
        System.out.println("ServletDispatch 转发");
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
    }
}

读取资源文件

• properties
• 在java目录下新建properties文件
• 在resources目录下新建properties文件
• 发现: 都被打包到了同一路径下:classes 俗称:classpath

//在模块pom.xml增加java路径
<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>

        </resources>
    </build>

//类
Properties properties = new Properties();
        InputStream rs = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        properties.load(rs);
        resp.getWriter().print(properties.getProperty("username"));
        resp.getWriter().print(properties.getProperty("password"));

HttpServletResponse

• web服务器收到客户端的http请求 针对这个请求, 分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象 代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse
• 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数: HttpServletRequest
• 如果要给客户端响应一些信息 : HttpServletResponse

简单分类

• 负责向浏览器发送数据方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

• 负责向浏览器发送响应头方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

void setContentLength(int var1);

void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

void setContentType(String var1);

void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

常见应用

• 向浏览器输出消息
• 下载文件

1.要获取下载文件的路径

2.下载文件名

3.设置办法让浏览器能够支持下载所需要的文件

4.获取下载文件的输入流

5.创建缓冲区

6.获取OutputStream

7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区

8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端

 // 1.要获取下载文件的路径
            String filepath ="F:\\Desktop\\notebook\\javaweb-02-servlset\\Servlet-03\\src\\main\\resources\\登记素描.jpg";
            // 2.下载文件名
            String filename = url.substring(filepath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
            // 3.设置办法让浏览器能够支持下载所需要的文件
            resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename"+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8"));
            // 4.获取下载文件的输入流
            FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(filepath);
            // 5.创建缓冲区
            int len =0;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            // 6.获取OutputStream
            ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
            // 7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区, 将缓冲区数据输出到客户端
            while( (len= in.read(buffer)) > 0){
                out.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            out.close();
            in.close();

验证码功能

• 前端实现
• 后端实现 需要用到Java的图片类 生成一个图片

package com.wu.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ServletImage extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器3s自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");

        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();  //画笔
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器 请求用图片方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        //网站存在缓存 不让网站缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expire",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragm","no-cache");
        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }

    //生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        //当对字符串进行修改的时候，需要使用 StringBuffer 类
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for( int i =0; i < 7- num.length();i++){
            sb.append("0");
        }
        //保证随即数一定为7位
        String s = sb.toString() + num;
        return s;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

实现重定向

• 一个web资源收到客户端请求后 会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源 : 重定向
• 常见场景: 用户登录

resp.sendRedirect("/Servlet_03_war/image");

//等价于
  resp.setHeader("Location","/Servlet_03_war/image");
        resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FOUND);

//小deamon
//index.jsp
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<%--需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath}代表当前项目路径--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/resend" method="get">
    账户: <input type="text" name="username" /><br />
    密码: <input type="text" name="password" /><br />
    <input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
//类
System.out.println("请求成功");
String usrname = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
resp.sendRedirect("/Servlet_03_war/success.jsp");