一个简单的凯撒加密解密程序的fgets函数用法注意

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define CRYPT_OK 1
#define CRYPT_ERROR 0

enum CRYPT_TYPE {ENCRYPT, DECRYPT};

int i,k;
char sequenceBuf[1024];
char * sequenceSrc = NULL;
char * sequenceDst = NULL;
int length;

int encrypt()
{
	printf("Please input your SourceString:\n");
	fflush(stdin);	//清空输入缓冲区
	fgets(sequenceBuf, sizeof(sequenceBuf), stdin);

	printf("Please input your keyNum:\n");
	scanf("%d",&k);

	length = strlen(sequenceBuf);

	sequenceSrc = (char *)malloc(length * sizeof(char));
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++)
		sequenceSrc[i] = sequenceBuf[i];
	sequenceSrc[length - 1] = '\0';	//字符串结束符


	sequenceDst = (char *)malloc(length * sizeof(char));
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++)
		sequenceDst[i]= 'a' + (sequenceSrc[i]-'a' + k)%26;
	sequenceDst[length - 1]='\0';

	return CRYPT_OK;
}

int decrypt()
{
	printf("Please input your SourceString:\n");
	fflush(stdin);
	fgets(sequenceBuf, sizeof(sequenceBuf), stdin);

	printf("Please input your keyNum:\n");
	scanf("%d",&k);

	length = strlen(sequenceBuf);

	sequenceSrc = (char *)malloc(length * sizeof(char));
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++)
		sequenceSrc[i] = sequenceBuf[i];
	sequenceSrc[length - 1] = '\0';

	sequenceDst = (char *)malloc(length * sizeof(char));
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
		sequenceDst[i]= 'a' + (sequenceSrc[i]-'a' + 26 - k)%26;
	}
	sequenceDst[length - 1]='\0';

	return CRYPT_OK;
}

int main()
{
	int choice = -1;
	int result = 0;
	printf("Encrypt:please input 0\nDecrypt:please input 1\nPlease choose：");
	scanf("%d", &choice);

	switch (choice)
	{
	case ENCRYPT : 
		result = encrypt();
		break;
	case DECRYPT :
		result = decrypt();
		break;
	default:
		printf("输入不合法\n");
		break;
	}

	if (result)
	{
		printf("sequenceSrc:%s\n",sequenceSrc);
		printf("sequenceDst:%s\n",sequenceDst);
	}

	return 0;
}

在加密解密函数中，当调用fgets函数前都执行了fflush(stdin);操作，此函数是为了清空输入缓冲区。

当连续从控制台读取数据时，前一个阶段输入的数据没有使用的缓冲会影响到下一个阶段的接收。

此例中主函数scanf函数接收一个整型，当回车表示结束时，整数被choice接收，但回车换行符还在缓冲区内。恰好fgets函数是以换行符为结束标志的，所以当进入子函数时，如果没有清空缓冲区，该条语句会快速被迫执行。反应到控制台上，似乎该条语句没执行，所以需要fflush清空缓冲区。