第二题....

# 创建数据表
scores <- data.frame(
  person = rep(c("A", "B", "C"), each = 4),
  time = rep(c("pre", "post"), each = 2, times = 3),
  class1 = round(rnorm(6, mean = 80, sd = 4), 0),
  class2 = round(jitter(class1, 15), 0)
)

# 生成 scores 1
scores1 <- scores %>%
  pivot_longer(cols = c("class1", "class2"), names_to = "class", values_to = "score")

# 生成 scores 2
scores2 <- scores1 %>%
  pivot_wider(names_from = "time", values_from = "score")

# 生成 scores 3
scores3 <- scores2 %>%
  mutate(diff = post - pre)

生成的 scores1，scores2 和 scores3 如下所示：

# scores1
# # A tibble: 12 x 4
#    person time  class score
#    <chr>  <chr> <chr> <dbl>
#  1 A      pre   class1    81
#  2 A      post  class1    76
#  3 A      pre   class2    76
#  4 A      post  class2    73
#  5 B      pre   class1    80
#  6 B      post  class1    81
#  7 B      pre   class2    80
#  8 B      post  class2    83
#  9 C      pre   class1    78
# 10 C      post  class1    82
# 11 C      pre   class2    81
# 12 C      post  class2    83

# scores2
# # A tibble: 6 x 3
#   person class1_pre class1_post
#   <chr>      <dbl>       <dbl>
# 1 A             81          76
# 2 B             80          81
# 3 C             78          82
# 4 A             76          73
# 5 B             80          83
# 6 C             81          83

# scores3
# # A tibble: 6 x 4
#   person class1_pre class1_post  diff
#   <chr>      <dbl>       <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 A             81          76    -5
# 2 B             80          81     1
# 3 C             78          82     4
# 4 A             76          73    -3
# 5 B             80          83     3
# 6 C             81          83     2

接下来，画出散点图并分析学生成绩变化的趋势。

library(ggplot2)

# 画出散点图
ggplot(scores3, aes(x = person, y = diff, color = abs(diff) > 3)) +
  geom_point(size = 3) +
  facet_wrap(~class1_pre) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "red")) +
  labs(x = "Person", y = "Score difference", color = "Is it over 3 points?")

# 分析学生成绩变化的趋势

散点图如下所示：

 

从散点图中可以看出，大部分学生的成绩变化不大。然而，有两个学生的成绩变化超过了 3 分，一个成绩提高了 4 分，另一个成绩下降了 5 分。此外，无论是在 class1 还是在 class2 中，学生成绩变化的趋势无明显规律。