Linux 学习小记

1.Linux Shell:

• GUI:GNOME
• CLI:BASH

2.Bash commands:

• hostname      :check the name of host
• uname           :parameters -r ,-a ;The basic info of Linux
  
• &                   :behind of commands to contiune the commands.
• history           :check the all commands having been used
• !!                   :rerun the last command
• !a                  :rerun the last command with 'a'
• !num             :rerun the command by ordered.
• !?ab              :run the command contains 'ab'
• !-n                 :run the command recorded nth desc;
• Ctrl+r            :search the commands in history.
• esc , .           :re-invoke the parameters of last command in current command.

bash Wildcard character:

*;    ?  ;   [0-9]   ;  [abc]  ;  [^abc]




3.Change the user:

• su -      : use the root user using the new terminal
• su       : user the root user without using the new terminal
  
• sudo    : use the permission of admin to run commands(the current user has been grant the permission of sudo)
• id      :check the info of current user
• passwd  :modify or reset the password of current user

4.BASH task management

• command &:
• jobs               : check the all tasks running in the background.
• ctrl + Z          : suspend the current process
• ctrl + C          : stop the current process
• bg + num      : restart the process[num] in background
• fg                  : restart the process[num] in front ground

5.File management

• cp            :copy the file
• cp -r         :copy the whole directory
• cp -rv       :show the detail info when copying the whole directory
• mv           :move the file
• touch       :create a new file or update the time about the existed file
• rm            :delete file
• rm -r        :delete the whole directory no empty
• rm -ri       :list the notice info about the file to be deleted
• rm -rif      :force to delete the whole file without any notice
• mkdir       :create a new directory
• rmdir        :delete a empty directory

6.The tree structure of the liunx file system

• /:
•     bin       : common runnable Linux commands
•     boot     : Linux boot directory.(kernel file)
•     dev      : store the hardware devices in form of files
•     etc       : almost all configuration files
•     home   : including the user directory stored the user's private files
•     root      : the root user's directory
•     lib         : almost all the library files
•     media   : the auto mount directory
•     mnt       : the normal mount directory    
•     opt        : the installation directory of large soft.
•     proc      : the visual directory not stored in hard disk  (real time info of system).
•     sbin       : the Linux commands only run by super user(root)
•     sys        : the bottom hardware info included
  
•     temp     : the temp directory will be deleted auto
  
•     usr        : the installation directory of the common soft
  
•     var        : storing the variable the info such as email or logs