最近开始学习JSF基础,发现比较重要的一点,就是如何用编程方式访问托管Bean。看了一些JSF的实例,不过大多都是用JSF1.1来实现的。虽然在JSF1.2的环境中也可以很好运行,但是在编译的时候会看到降级的消息。这里找了一些资料总结一下JSF1.1和JSF1.2访问托管Bean的方法。
一、从JSF页面传递参数给托管Bean
虽然利用h:commandLink 和h:commandButton组件,可以通过action和actionListener来触发托管Bean中的方法,但是不能向这些方法中传递参数。对于动态传递参数,不是不可以实现,这点可以通过使用f:attribute来实现。而且f:attribute也可以很好的和actionListener联合使用。
例子:
< h:commandLink actionListener = " #{myBean.action} " >
< f:attribute name = " attrname1 " value = " attrvalue1 " />
< f:attribute name = " attrname2 " value = " attrvalue2 " />
...
< h:outputText value = " Click here " />
</ h:commandLink >
< h:commandButton value = " Press here " actionListener = " #{myBean.action} " >
< f:attribute name = " attrname1 " value = " attrvalue1 " />
< f:attribute name = " attrname2 " value = " attrvalue2 " />
...
</ h:commandButton >
这些属性可以通过父组件的getAttributes()方法取到,父组件可以通过传递给actionListener的ActionEvent实例取到
public void action(ActionEvent event)
... {
String attrvalue1 = (String) event.getComponent().getAttributes().get("attrname1");
String attrvalue2 = (String) event.getComponent().getAttributes().get("attrname2");
...
}
变量attrvalue1和attrvalue2包含从f:attribute set进来的值。
另一个欠文雅的方式就是通过f:param组件来传值,这个只是对h:commandLink起效。
< h:commandLink action = " #{myBean.action} " >
< f:param name = " paramname1 " value = " paramvalue1 " />
< f:param name = " paramname2 " value = " paramvalue2 " />
...
< h:outputText value = " Click here " />
</ h:commandLink >
这些参数可以通过FacesContext的getRequestParameterMap()方法取到。通过下面的方法,可以获取任何写在command块中f:param的值。
public static String getFacesParamValue(String name)
... {
return (String) FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getRequestParameterMap().get(name);
}
上面的方法可以用在任何Bean的方法中。举例
public void action()
... {
String paramvalue1 = getFacesParamValue("paramname1");
String paramvalue2 = getFacesParamValue("paramname2");
...
}
变量paramvalue1和paramvalue2包含从f:param set进来的值。
不过要注意,属性的名字要唯一,而且不能用其他组件的属性名,比如:"id", "name", "value","binding", "rendered",等。
二、从JSF页面传递组件属性到托管Bean
f:attribute组件也可以用来访问,任何绑定在托管Bean的UI组件的属性。这些属性值可以通过父组件的getAttributes()来获得。因为不能以方法参数的方式传值给托管Bean绑定的UI组件的getter和setter方法,这时f:attribute就会非常有用。这里有个UI组件绑定到托管Bean的基础例子
< h:outputText binding = " #{myBean.myText} " value = " #{myBean.myTextValue} " >
< f:attribute name = " attributename " value = " attributevalue " />
</ h:outputText >
托管Bean代码:
import javax.faces.component.html.HtmlOutputText;
public class MyBean
... {
private HtmlOutputText myText;
public HtmlOutputText getMyText()
...{
return myText;
}
public String getMyTextValue()
...{
return (String) myText.getAttributes().get("attributename");
}
public void setMyText(HtmlOutputText myText)
...{
this.myText = myText;
}
}
三、在请求之间传递对象(Passing objects from request to request)
如果有一个request范围内的托管Bean,在下一个请求中想要重用这个bean的属性,参数,或者对象,但是不想一遍又一遍的初始化这个Bean。可以用h:inputhidden来解决这个问题。这里有个简单的例子:
< h:form >
...
< h:inputHidden value = " #{myBean.value} " />
...
</ h:form >
另一种方法就是用SessionMap来保存那些需要保存在session中的值。
public class MyBean
... {
public Object getMyValue()
...{
return FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().get("MyBeanMyValue");
}
public void setMyValue(Object myValue)
...{
FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().put("MyBeanMyValue", myValue);
}
// This might be useful.
private void resetSessionValue(Object myKey)
...{
FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().remove(myKey);
}
}
四、在托管Bean之间通信
实践时会有多个托管Bean。如果设计需要,可以利用getSessionMap()在托管Bean之间通信。
一个例子,有两个托管Bean:
< managed - bean >
< managed - bean - name > myBean1 </ managed - bean - name >
< managed - bean - class > mypackage.MyBean1 </ managed - bean - class >
< managed - bean - scope > request </ managed - bean - scope >
</ managed - bean >
< managed - bean >
< managed - bean - name > myBean2 </ managed - bean - name >
< managed - bean - class > mypackage.MyBean2 </ managed - bean - class >
< managed - bean - scope > session </ managed - bean - scope >
</ managed - bean >
托管Bean myBean1和myBean2是支撑Bean MyBean1.java和MyBean2.java的实例,它们可以通过JSF页面来访问。不管它们的managed-bean-scope是request还是session。如果managed-bean-scope被设置成session,在整个session范围内可以使用同一个Bean的实例;如果managed-bean-scope被设置成request,那么每个request(form action)每次会创建一个Bean的实例。
用下面的方法,可以为每个托管Bean set和get static的参数。可以把它写成protected方法,放在一个超类中,让每个托管Bean继承,这会非常有用,或者写入一个Util类中,自己选择。
public class MySuperBean
... {
protected static Object getSessionValue(Object myKey)
...{
return FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().get(myKey);
}
protected static void setSessionValue(Object myKey, Object myValue)
...{
FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().put(myKey, myValue);
}
}
public class MyBean1 extends MySuperBean
... {
public void myMethod()
...{
String myValue = "value1";
setSessionValue("MyBean1MyValue", myValue);
...
}
}
public class MyBean2 extends MySuperBean
... {
public void myMethod()
...{
String myValue = (String) getSessionValue("MyBean1MyValue");
...
}
}
五、在托管Bean中访问另一个托管Bean
如果有很多托管Bean,想要从其中一个托管Bean访问其他的托管Bean,这里有六中方法。
可以使用:
1)getVariableResolver
2)createValueBinding
3)getELResolver (since JSF 1.2)
4)createValueExpression (since JSF 1.2)
5)getRequestMap
6)getSessionMap.
举例:假设有两个托管Bean
< managed - bean >
< managed - bean - name > myBean1 </ managed - bean - name >
< managed - bean - class > mypackage.MyBean1 </ managed - bean - class >
< managed - bean - scope > request </ managed - bean - scope >
</ managed - bean >
< managed - bean >
< managed - bean - name > myBean2 </ managed - bean - name >
< managed - bean - class > mypackage.MyBean2 </ managed - bean - class >
< managed - bean - scope > session </ managed - bean - scope >
</ managed - bean >
托管Bean myBean1和myBean2是支撑Bean MyBean1.java和MyBean2.java的实例,它们可以通过JSF页面来访问。不管它们的managed-bean-scope是request还是session。
只是要注意的是,getRequestMap在托管Bean被设置成request的时候使用,getSessionMap在托管Bean被设置成session的时候使用。
<h:form>
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action1}" value="action1" />
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action2}" value="action2" />
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action3}" value="action3" />
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action4}" value="action4" />
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action5}" value="action5" />
<h:commandButton action="#{myBean1.action6}" value="action6" />
<h:outputText binding="#{myBean2.text}" />
</h:form>
MyBean1.java:
package mypackage;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
public class MyBean1
...{
// Using VariableResolver. NOTE: this is deprecated since JSF 1.2!
public void action1()
...{
FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) context.getApplication().getVariableResolver().resolveVariable(context, "myBean2");
myBean2.getText().setValue("action1");
}
// Using ValueBinding. NOTE: this is deprecated since JSF 1.2!
public void action2()
...{
FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) context.getApplication().createValueBinding("#{myBean2}").getValue(context);
myBean2.getText().setValue("action2");
}
// Using ELResolver. NOTE: this is implemented since JSF 1.2!
public void action3()
...{
FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) context.getELContext().getELResolver().getValue(context.getELContext(), null, "myBean2");
myBean2.getText().setValue("action3");
}
// Using ValueExpression. NOTE: this is implemented since JSF 1.2!
public void action4()
...{
FacesContext context = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) context.getApplication().getExpressionFactory().createValueExpression(context.getELContext(), "#{myBean2}", MyBean2.class).getValue(context.getELContext());
myBean2.getText().setValue("action4");
}
// Using RequestMap. NOTE: myBean2 should be request scoped!
public void action5()
...{
Object object = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getRequestMap().get("myBean2");
// This only works if myBean2 is request scoped.
if (object != null)
...{
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) object;
myBean2.getText().setValue("action5");
}
}
// Using SessionMap. NOTE: myBean2 should be session scoped!
public void action6()
...{
Object object = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getSessionMap().get("myBean2");
// This only works if myBean2 is session scoped.
if (object != null)
...{
MyBean2 myBean2 = (MyBean2) object;
myBean2.getText().setValue("action6");
}
}
}
MyBean2.java:
package mypackage;
import javax.faces.component.html.HtmlOutputText;
public class MyBean2
...{
private HtmlOutputText text;
public HtmlOutputText getText()
...{
return text;
}
public void setText(HtmlOutputText text)
...{
this.text = text;
}
}