redis中的zset

1、组成结构

跳跃表结构

2、接口API

2.1 zslCreate

初始化zskipList的层数为1，长度为0，尾指针为NULL，创建zskiplistNode哨兵结点，结点层数为32，每层的前向指针为NULL,跨度为0。

zskiplist *zslCreate(void) {
    int j;
    zskiplist *zsl;

    zsl = zmalloc(sizeof(*zsl));
    zsl->level = 1;
    zsl->length = 0;
    zsl->header = zslCreateNode(ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL,0,NULL);
    for (j = 0; j < ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL; j++) {
        zsl->header->level[j].forward = NULL;
        zsl->header->level[j].span = 0;
    }
    zsl->header->backward = NULL;
    zsl->tail = NULL;
    return zsl;
}

2.2 zslFree

从哨兵结点开始从左向右删除，最后删除zskipList

void zslFree(zskiplist *zsl) {
    zskiplistNode *node = zsl->header->level[0].forward, *next;

    zfree(zsl->header);
    while(node) {
        next = node->level[0].forward;
        zslFreeNode(node);
        node = next;
    }
    zfree(zsl);
}

void zslFreeNode(zskiplistNode *node) {
    sdsfree(node->ele);
    zfree(node);
}

2.3 zslInsert

首先找到第一个大于等于score或者在分数相同时，找到第一个元素大于等于ele的结点。同时计算相应层的rank,记录下每层需要更新的位置update。根据传参数和随机选择的层数创建结点。

判断新节点层数是否大于原跳表最大节点层数，若大于则对新增层数做必要处理

将新节点插入到目标位置，即连接各前向，后向节点指针。

更新插入节点及前驱节点的 span

zskiplistNode *zslInsert(zskiplist *zsl, double score, sds ele) {
    zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
    unsigned int rank[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL];
    int i, level;

    serverAssert(!isnan(score));
    x = zsl->header;
    for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        /* store rank that is crossed to reach the insert position */
        rank[i] = i == (zsl->level-1) ? 0 : rank[i+1];
        while (x->level[i].forward &&
                (x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
                    (x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
                    sdscmp(x->level[i].forward->ele,ele) < 0)))
        {
            rank[i] += x->level[i].span;
            x = x->level[i].forward;
        }
        update[i] = x;
    }
    /* we assume the element is not already inside, since we allow duplicated
     * scores, reinserting the same element should never happen since the
     * caller of zslInsert() should test in the hash table if the element is
     * already inside or not. */
    level = zslRandomLevel();
    if (level > zsl->level) {
        for (i = zsl->level; i < level; i++) {
            rank[i] = 0;
            update[i] = zsl->header;
            update[i]->level[i].span = zsl->length;
        }
        zsl->level = level;
    }
    x = zslCreateNode(level,score,ele);
    for (i = 0; i < level; i++) {
        x->level[i].forward = update[i]->level[i].forward;
        update[i]->level[i].forward = x;

        /* update span covered by update[i] as x is inserted here */
        x->level[i].span = update[i]->level[i].span - (rank[0] - rank[i]);
        update[i]->level[i].span = (rank[0] - rank[i]) + 1;
    }

    /* increment span for untouched levels */
    for (i = level; i < zsl->level; i++) {
        update[i]->level[i].span++;
    }

    x->backward = (update[0] == zsl->header) ? NULL : update[0];
    if (x->level[0].forward)
        x->level[0].forward->backward = x;
    else
        zsl->tail = x;
    zsl->length++;
    return x;
}

2.4 zslDelete

找到满足>=score或者>=ele的节点，同时得到每层的update。存在等于score等于ele就删除节点，删除节点时更新span.如果指定node就返回删除节点，否则释放节点

int zslDelete(zskiplist *zsl, double score, sds ele, zskiplistNode **node) {
    zskiplistNode *update[ZSKIPLIST_MAXLEVEL], *x;
    int i;

    x = zsl->header;
    for (i = zsl->level-1; i >= 0; i--) {
        while (x->level[i].forward &&
                (x->level[i].forward->score < score ||
                    (x->level[i].forward->score == score &&
                     sdscmp(x->level[i].forward->ele,ele) < 0)))
        {
            x = x->level[i].forward;
        }
        update[i] = x;
    }
    /* We may have multiple elements with the same score, what we need
     * is to find the element with both the right score and object. */
    x = x->level[0].forward;
    if (x && score == x->score && sdscmp(x->ele,ele) == 0) {
        zslDeleteNode(zsl, x, update);
        if (!node)
            zslFreeNode(x);
        else
            *node = x;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0; /* not found */
}

void zslDeleteNode(zskiplist *zsl, zskiplistNode *x, zskiplistNode **update) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < zsl->level; i++) {
        if (update[i]->level[i].forward == x) {
            update[i]->level[i].span += x->level[i].span - 1;
            update[i]->level[i].forward = x->level[i].forward;
        } else {
            update[i]->level[i].span -= 1;
        }
    }
    if (x->level[0].forward) {
        x->level[0].forward->backward = x->backward;
    } else {
        zsl->tail = x->backward;
    }
    while(zsl->level > 1 && zsl->header->level[zsl->level-1].forward == NULL)
        zsl->level--;
    zsl->length--;
}