lua学习笔记之协程

1、基础

所有协程相关的在表coroutine中，创建通过create来创建，参数为函数，返回值类型为thread.

协程状态有:suspended, running, normal, dead。通过coroutine.status获取协程状态。

create创建的协程初始状态为suspened,通过coroutine.resume来启动执行，协程状态变为running

暂停协程使用coroutine.yield，返回传递的参数

co = coroutine.create(function(x)
    print("co1", x)
    print("co2", coroutine.yield())
end)

coroutine.resume(co, "hi")
coroutine.resume(co, 4, 5)
输出为：
co1	hi
co2	4	5

使用consume执行协程时，并且传递参数，如果协程内使用yield,执行时返回传递的参数。

co = coroutine.create(function(a, b)
    coroutine.yield(a + b, a - b)
end)

print(coroutine.resume(co, 1, 2))

输出为：
true	3	-1

生产-消费模型

function producer()
    while true do
        local x = io.read()
        send(x)
    end
end

function consumer()
    while true do
        local x = receive()
        io.write(x, "\n")
    end
end

function receive()
    local status, value = coroutine.resume(producer())
    return value
end

function send(x)
    coroutine.yield(x)
end

pro = coroutine.create(producer)

带有过滤功能的生产-消费模型

function producer()
    return coroutine.create(function()
        while true do
            local x = io.read()
            send(x)
        end
    end)
end

function consumer(prod)
    while true do
        local x = receive(prod)
        io.write(x, "\n")
    end
end

function receive(prod)
    local status, value = coroutine.resume(prod)
    return value
end

function send(x)
    coroutine.yield(x)
end

function filter(prod)
    return coroutine.create(function()
        for line = 1, math.huge do
            local x = receive(prod)
            x = string.format("%5d %s", line, x)
            send(x)
        end
    end)
end

consumer(filter(producer()))

2、协程作为迭代器

不使用协程生成排列

function permgen(a, n)
    n = n or #a
    if n <= 1 then
        printResult(a)
    else
        for i = 1, n do
            a[n], a[i] = a[i], a[n]
            permgen(a, n - 1)
            a[n], a[i] = a[i], a[n]
        end
    end
end

function printResult(a)
    for i = 1, #a do io.write(a[i], " ") end
    io.write("\n")
end

permgen({1, 2, 3, 4})

使用协程生成排列

function permgen(a, n)
    n = n or #a
    if n <= 1 then
        coroutine.yield(a)
    else
        for i = 1, n do
            a[n], a[i] = a[i], a[n]
            permgen(a, n - 1)
            a[n], a[i] = a[i], a[n]
        end
    end
end

function printResult(a)
    for i = 1, #a do io.write(a[i], " ") end
    io.write("\n")
end

function permutations(a)
    local co = coroutine.create(function() permgen(a)  end)
    return function()
        local code, res = coroutine.resume(co)
        return res
    end
end

for p in permutations{"a", "b", "c"} do
    printResult(p)
end