网络编程学习笔记(非阻塞读和写)

维护两个缓冲区:to容纳从标准输入到服务器的数据，from容纳从服务器到标准输出的数据

toiptr指向从标准输入读入的数据可以存放的下一个字节，tooptr指下一个必须写入到套接口的字节。有(toiptr - tooptr)个字节需写到套接口。friptr表示从套接口读入的数据可以存放的下一个字节，froptr表示下一个必须写到标准输出的字节

将套接口、标准输入、标准输出设置为非阻塞时，如果写或读没有成功，会返回EWOULDBLOCK

服务器端代码：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#define SIN_PORT 9999
#define BUFLEN 256

void str_echo(int fd);
void sig_chld(int signo)
{
	pid_t pid;
	int stat;

	pid = wait(&stat);
	printf("child %d terminate\n", pid);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int listenfd, connfd;
    pid_t child;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    char buf[BUFLEN];
    time_t ticks;

    listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (listenfd < 0) {
        printf("socket error :%s\n", strerror(errno));        
        return -1;
    }

    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SIN_PORT);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    
    
    if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
        printf("bind error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(listenfd);
        return -1;
    }
    
    
    if (listen(listenfd, 3) < 0) {
        printf("listen error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(listenfd);
        return -1;
    }

    signal(SIGCHLD, sig_chld);
    

    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
    int len;

    for (;;) {
        len = sizeof(clientaddr);
        connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr, &len);
        if (connfd < 0) {
	    if (errno == EINTR) continue;
	    else {
            	printf("accept error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
            	close(listenfd);
            	return -1;
	    }
        }
        if ((child = fork()) == 0) {
            close(listenfd);
            str_echo(connfd);
              return 0;
        }
        
        close(connfd);
        
    }

    return 0;
}

size_t readn(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t nleft = n;
    size_t nread;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nread = read(fd, p, nleft)) < 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR) nread = 0;
            else return -1;
        } else if (nread == 0) break;

        nleft -= nread;
        p += nread;
    }

    return n - nleft;
}

size_t readline(int fd, void *ptr, size_t maxsize)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t rc, n;
    char c;

    for (n = 1; n < maxsize; n++) {
again:
        if ((rc = read(fd, &c, 1)) == 1) {
            *p++ = c;
            if (c == '\n') break;
            } else if (rc == 0) {
                if (n == 1) return 0;
                else break;
        } else {
            if (errno == EINTR) goto again;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    *p = 0;
    return n;
}

size_t writen(int fd, void *ptr, size_t n)
{
    char *p = ptr;
    size_t nleft = n,  nwriten;

    while (nleft > 0) {
        if ((nwriten = write(fd, p, nleft)) <= 0) {
            if (errno == EINTR) nwriten = 0;
            else return -1;
        }

        p += nwriten;
        nleft -= nwriten;
    }

    return n;
}

void str_echo(int fd)
{
    char recvline[BUFLEN];
    int n;
    
    for (;;) {
        if ((n = readline(fd, recvline, BUFLEN)) == 0) return;
         printf("received buf=%s", recvline);
        writen(fd, recvline, n);

    }
}

客户端代码：

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#define SERV_PORT 9999
#define MAXLINE 128
#define MAX(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))


char *gf_time()
{
	struct timeval tv;
	static char str[30];
	char *ptr;

	if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "gettimeofday error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		return NULL;
	} 

	ptr = ctime(&tv.tv_sec);
	strcpy(str, &ptr[11]);
	snprintf(str + 8, sizeof(str) - 8, ".%06ld", tv.tv_usec);

	return str;
}

void str_cli(FILE *fp, int sockfd)
{
	int maxfd1, val, stdineof;
	ssize_t n, nwritten;
	fd_set rset, wset;
	char to[MAXLINE], from[MAXLINE];
	char *toiptr, *tooptr, *friptr, *froptr;
	val = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, val | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		printf("fcntl error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		close(sockfd);
		return;
	}
	
	val = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_SETFL, val | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		printf("fcntl stdin error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		close(sockfd);
		return;
	}	

	val = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_SETFL, val | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
		printf("fcntl stdout error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		close(sockfd);
		return ;
	}

	toiptr = tooptr = to;
	friptr = froptr = from;
	stdineof = 0;

	maxfd1 = MAX(sockfd, MAX(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO)) + 1;
	
	for (;;) {
		FD_ZERO(&rset);
		FD_ZERO(&wset);
		
		if (stdineof == 0 && toiptr < &to[MAXLINE]) {
			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rset);
		}

		if (friptr < &from[MAXLINE]) {
			FD_SET(sockfd, &rset);
		}

		if (tooptr != toiptr) {
			FD_SET(sockfd, &wset);
		}

		if (froptr != friptr) {
			FD_SET(STDOUT_FILENO, &wset);
		}
		
		int res;

		if ((res = select(maxfd1, &rset, &wset, NULL, NULL)) < 0) {
			if (errno != EINTR) {
				close(sockfd);
				return;
			}
		}

		if (FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rset)) {
			if ((n = read(STDIN_FILENO, toiptr, &to[MAXLINE] - toiptr)) < 0) {
				if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
					printf("read error from stdin:%s\n", strerror(errno));
					close(sockfd);
					return;
				}
			} else if (n == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s:EOF on stdin\n", gf_time());
				stdineof = 1;
				if (toiptr == tooptr) shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR);
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s:read %d bytes from stdin\n", gf_time(), n);
				toiptr += n;
				FD_SET(sockfd, &wset);
			}
		}

		if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)) {
			if ((n = read(sockfd, friptr, &from[MAXLINE] - friptr)) < 0) {
				if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
					printf("read error on socket:%s\n", strerror(errno));
					close(sockfd);
					return;
				}
			} else if (n == 0) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s :EOF on socket\n", gf_time());
				if (stdineof) return;
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s:read %d bytes from socket\n", gf_time(), n);
				friptr += n;
				FD_SET(STDOUT_FILENO, &wset);
			}
		}

		if (FD_ISSET(STDOUT_FILENO, &wset) && ((n = friptr - froptr) > 0)) {
			if ((nwritten = write(STDOUT_FILENO, froptr, n)) < 0) {
				if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
					printf("write stdout error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
					close(sockfd);
					return;
				}
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s:write %d bytes to stdout\n", gf_time(), nwritten);
				froptr += nwritten;
				if (froptr == friptr) friptr = froptr = from;
			}
		}

		if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &wset) && ((n = toiptr - tooptr) > 0)) {
			if ((nwritten = write(sockfd, tooptr, n)) < 0) {
				if (errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
					fprintf(stderr, "write on socket error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
					close(sockfd);
					return;
				}
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s:write %d bytes to socket\n", gf_time(), nwritten);	
				tooptr += nwritten;
				if (tooptr == toiptr) {
					toiptr = tooptr = to;
					if (stdineof) shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR);
				}
			}
		}

		
	}

	
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
	socklen_t len;
	int sockfd;

	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
	if (inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &servaddr.sin_addr) < 0) {
		printf("inet_pton error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (sockfd < 0) {
		printf("socket error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
		printf("connect error:%s\n", strerror(errno));	
		close(sockfd);
		return -1;
	}

	str_cli(stdin, sockfd);
	return 0;
}