js中var 与 let ,const的区别

一、var声明的变量在全局范围内有效，let和const只在声明其所在的块级作用域内有效。

    if(1) {
      let a = 1
      var b = 1
      console.log(a)  //1
    }
    console.log(a); //a is not defined

    if(1) {
      let a = 1
      var b = 1
      console.log(a)  //1
    }
    console.log(b);  //1

二、var有变量提升，let和const没有变量提升。

    console.log(a); // undefined  ===>  a已声明还没赋值，默认得到undefined值
    var a = 100;
    console.log(b); //报错：Cannot access 'b' before initialization ===> 初始化前无法访问'b'
    let b = 10;
    console.log(c); //报错：Cannot access 'c' before initialization ===> 初始化前无法访问'c'
    const c = 10;

三、var允许重复声明同一变量，let和const不允许重复声明同一变量；var和let允许重复赋值同一变量，const在初始化赋值后不能再给这个变量赋值。

    const a = 1
    const a = 2 //报错: Identifier 'a' has already been declared ===> 'a'已经声明过了
    const b //报错：Missing initializer in const declaration ===> 声明常量时未初始化
    let c = 2
    let d //无报错
    c = 7 //无报错
    c = 9 //无报错
    let c = 3 //报错: Identifier 'c' has already been declared ===> 'c'已经声明过了
    var e = 4 
    var e = 5 //无报错
    e = 6 //无报错
    e = 7 //无报错

四、const声明一个只读的常量，声明时必须初始化。

    const a = 1 
    a = 2 //报错：Assignment to constant variable ===> 常数变量赋值
    const b //报错：Missing initializer in const declaration ===> 在声明常量时未初始化