Jetpack Compose 导航 (Navigation)

Jetpack Compose 提供了现代化的导航解决方案，与传统的 Fragment 导航不同，它完全基于 Composable 函数构建。以下是 Compose 导航的核心用法：

1. 基本设置

首先添加依赖：

implementation "androidx.navigation:navigation-compose:2.7.7"  // 使用最新版本

2. 创建 NavController

val navController = rememberNavController()

// 在 Scaffold 或根布局中使用
ComposeAppTheme {
    NavHost(navController = navController, startDestination = "home") {
        // 定义各个屏幕
    }
}

3. 定义导航图 (NavGraph)

NavHost(
    navController = navController,
    startDestination = "main_screen"
) {
    composable("main_screen") { MainScreen(navController) }
    composable("detail_screen/{itemId}") { backStackEntry ->
        val itemId = backStackEntry.arguments?.getString("itemId")
        DetailScreen(itemId, navController)
    }
    dialog("settings_dialog") { SettingsDialog(navController) }
}

4. 导航操作

跳转到新页面

// 基本导航
navController.navigate("detail_screen")

// 带参数导航
navController.navigate("detail_screen/123")

// 带对象参数 (需要自定义 NavType)
navController.currentBackStackEntry?.arguments?.apply {
    putParcelable("key", myObject)
}
navController.navigate("detail_screen")

返回操作

// 简单返回
navController.popBackStack()

// 返回并传递结果
navController.previousBackStackEntry?.savedStateHandle?.set(
    "result_key", 
    resultData
)
navController.popBackStack()

// 返回根页面
navController.popBackStack(
    route = "main_screen",
    inclusive = false
)

5. 高级功能

深层链接

composable(
    "detail_screen/{id}",
    deepLinks = listOf(
        navDeepLink { 
            uriPattern = "example.com/detail/{id}"
        }
    )
)

底部导航栏集成

val navBackStackEntry by navController.currentBackStackEntryAsState()
val currentDestination = navBackStackEntry?.destination

BottomNavigation {
    items.forEach { screen ->
        BottomNavigationItem(
            selected = currentDestination?.route == screen.route,
            onClick = {
                navController.navigate(screen.route) {
                    popUpTo(navController.graph.findStartDestination().id) {
                        saveState = true
                    }
                    launchSingleTop = true
                    restoreState = true
                }
            }
        )
    }
}

动画过渡

composable(
    "screen1",
    enterTransition = { slideIntoContainer(AnimatedContentTransitionScope.SlideDirection.Left) },
    exitTransition = { slideOutOfContainer(AnimatedContentTransitionScope.SlideDirection.Left) }
)

6. 最佳实践

1. 1、使用密封类管理路由：

2. sealed class Screen(val route: String) {
       object Home : Screen("home")
       object Detail : Screen("detail/{id}") {
           fun createRoute(id: String) = "detail/$id"
       }
   }

1. 2、避免直接传递复杂对象，使用ID然后在目标屏幕获取数据

1. 3、处理返回按钮：

BackHandler(enabled = true) {
    if (!navController.popBackStack()) {
        // 处理无法返回的情况
    }
}

1. ViewModel共享：使用hiltViewModel()在导航目标间共享ViewModel

Compose导航相比传统导航更简洁，所有界面都是Composable函数，没有Fragment的生命周期复杂性，使得导航逻辑更加直观和易于维护。