关于Integer的缓存的一道面试题

面试的的一道题…

Q19. 在 Java中，下列代码运行后的输出结果是 
Integer i1 = 100; 
Integer i2 = 100; 
Integer i3 = 300; 
Integer i4 = 300;  
System.out.println(i1==i2); 
System.out.println(i3==i4); 

结果是 true false

因为自动装包了，就查看Integer的源码valueOf(int):

    /**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

当装包对象在IntegerCache.low到Integer.high之间时，结果直接从IntegerCache中获取，否则直接创造一个实例。

再看IntegerCache的源码：

    /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
 
    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];
 
        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;
 
            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
 
            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

默认的high为127，当设置high之后，high的实际值取默认值和设置值中最大值，同时小于或等于0X7FFFFF7E。然后将low到high之间的数值存放到cache中。由于该类及方法都是静态的，因此在首次使用时会执行该操作，当需要对low到high之间的数字进行装包操作时，则直接返回IntegerCache.cache中现成的引用。

除了对Integer有缓存机制外，其中还有ByteCache，ShortCache，LongCache，CharacterCache分别对其对应的类型进行缓存，其中Byte，Short，Long的缓存范围都为-128——127，Character为0——127。特别要注意的是这几个缓存中，只有Integer的缓存上限（high）可以设置，其他的都不能进行设置，为固定范围。