React(8)

千锋学习视频https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dP4y1c7qd?p=72&spm_id_from=pageDriver&vd_source=f07a5c4baae42e64ab4bebdd9f3cd1b3

1.React 路由

1.1 什么是路由？

        路由是根据不同的 url 地址展示不同的内容或页面。 

        一个针对React而设计的路由解决方案、可以友好的帮你解决React components 到URl之间的同步映射关系。

1.2 路由安装

npm i react-router-dom@5

1.3 路由使用

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {HashRouter,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Film from './views/Film'
import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
import Center from './views/Center'



export default class componentName extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                 <HashRouter>  
                    <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                    <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                    <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                </HashRouter> 
            </div>
        )
    }
}

  <HashRouter> 会让路径带上一个/#

也可以把路由封装成一个组件抽离出去

import React, { Component } from 'react'

import MyRouter from './MyRouter'
// import Film from './views/Film'
// import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
// import Center from './views/Center'



export default class componentName extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                {/* <HashRouter>  也可以把路由封装成一个组件抽离出去
                    <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                    <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                    <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                </HashRouter> */}
                <MyRouter></MyRouter>
        
            </div>
        )
    }
}

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {HashRouter,Route} from 'react-router-dom'
import Film from './views/Film'
import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
import Center from './views/Center'

export default class MyRouter extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                 <HashRouter>  
                    <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                    <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                    <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                </HashRouter>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

1.4 路由重定向

如果没有匹配的路径，需要跳转到指定的路径  使用<Redirect  from=""  to="" />

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {HashRouter,Route,Redirect,Switch} from 'react-router-dom'
import Film from './views/Film'
import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
import Center from './views/Center'

export default class MyRouter extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                 <HashRouter>  
                    <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                    <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                    <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                    {/* 匹配/路径的时候 模糊匹配  跳转到/films */}
                    <Redirect from="/" to="/films"></Redirect>
                    
                </HashRouter>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

 但是这个做法存在问题：当输入http://localhost:3000/#/center 会跳到center 但再次刷新又会跳到/films 

改进：使用Switch   匹配一次后将不再继续匹配

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { HashRouter, Route, Redirect, Switch } from 'react-router-dom'
import Film from './views/Film'
import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
import Center from './views/Center'

export default class MyRouter extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <HashRouter>
                    <Switch>
                        <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                        <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                        <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                        {/* 匹配/路径的时候  跳转到/films */}
                        <Redirect from="/" to="/films"></Redirect>
                    </Switch>
                </HashRouter>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

精准匹配exact

场景：/ 跳转到/films  其他不匹配上述路由的跳转到404

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import { HashRouter, Route, Redirect, Switch } from 'react-router-dom'
import Film from './views/Film'
import Cinemas from './views/Cinemas'
import Center from './views/Center'
import NotFound from './views/NotFound'

export default class MyRouter extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <HashRouter>
                    <Switch>
                        <Route path="/films" component={Film}></Route>
                        <Route path="/cinemas" component={Cinemas}></Route>
                        <Route path="/Center" component={Center}></Route>
                        {/* 匹配/路径的时候  跳转到/films */}
                        <Redirect from="/" to="/films" exact></Redirect>
                        
                        <Route component={NotFound}></Route>
                    </Switch>
                </HashRouter>
            </div>
        )
    }
}

import React, { Component } from 'react'

export default class NotFound extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                404 Not Found
            </div>
        )
    }
}

注意：exact 精确匹配 (Redirect 即使使用了exact, 外面还要嵌套Switch 来用)

1.5 嵌套路由

MyRouter组件中的路由保持不变   当/film模糊匹配到后会进入Film组件

以下代码在Film组件中写即可

<Switch>
    <Route path="/films/nowplaying" component={Nowplaying}/>
    <Route path="/films/comingsoon" component={Comingsoon}/>
    <Redirect from="/films" to="/films/nowplaying"/>
</Switch>

1.6 路由跳转方式

1.声明式导航

 

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {NavLink} from 'react-router-dom'

export default class Navbar extends Component {
    render() {
        return (
            <div>
                <li><NavLink to="/films">电影</NavLink></li>
                <li><NavLink to="/cinemas">影院</NavLink></li>
                <li><NavLink to="/center">我的</NavLink></li>

            </div>
        )
    }
}

意思是可以监听到地址  如果是/center会给我的这个a标签给加上class="active"的属性，

也可以自定义属性，方便设置css高亮显示

  <li><NavLink to="/films" activeClassName="Navbaractive">电影</NavLink></li>
  <li><NavLink to="/cinemas" activeClassName="Navbaractive">影院</NavLink></li>
  <li><NavLink to="/center" activeClassName="Navbaractive">我的</NavLink></li>

2.编程式导航

this.props.history.push(`/center`)

或者导入useHistory

import {useHistory} from 'react-router-dom'

const history =useHistory()

history.push(`/detail`)