1、结构
- ArrayList 继承 AbstractList 抽象类,该类是只支持按次序访问
- ArrayList 实现了 List 接口
- 实现了RandomAccess接口,表明ArrayList支持快速(通常是固定时间)随机访问
- 实现了 Cloneable 接口,覆盖了 clone 方法,即可以被克隆
- 实现了 Serializable 接口,支持序列化
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
2、内部变量
// 默认容量为10
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
// 空对象数组
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
// 默认空对象数组,由空的构造参数生成
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
// ArrayList对象实际上就是一个容器数组
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
// 实际元素大小
private int size;
// 最大容量
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
3、构造函数
/**
* Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
* 无参构造
*/
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
/**
* Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity is negative
*
* 指定容量大小的构造函数
*/
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+initialCapacity);
}
}
/**
* Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's iterator.
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*
* 由另一个集合创建的构造函数
*/
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
4、主要方法{get()、set()、add()、remove()、clear()、contains()}
4.1 get()
public E get(int index) {
// 防止越界,索引不能大于数组长度
rangeCheck(index);
// 直接返回索引处的元素
return elementData(index);
}
4.2 set()
/**
* Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element.
*
* @param index index of the element to replace
* @param element element to be stored at the specified position
* @return the element previously at the specified position
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*
* 用指定的元素替换列表中指定位置的元素
*/
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
4.3 add()
add(E e)
- ensureCapacityInternal(size+1)方法,在该方法中首先判断了当前数组是否是空数组,如果是则比较加入的个数与默认个数(10)比较,取较大值,否则调用2方法。
- ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity)方法,在该方法中首先是对modCount+1,判断数组真实元素个数加1后的长度与当前数组长度大小关系,如果小于0,返回,如果大于0,则调用3方法。
- grow(minCapacity)方法,使用 oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)是当前数组的长度变为原来的1.5倍,再与扩容后的长度以及扩容的上限值进行对比,然后调用4方法。
- Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity)方法,该方法的底层就是调用System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length, newLength))方法,把旧数据的数据拷贝到扩容后的新数组里面,返回新数组,然后再把新添加的元素赋值给扩容后的size+1的位置里面。
add(int idnex,E element)
主要的差异是增加了一行代码:System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index),从index位置开始以及之后的数据,整体拷贝到index+1开始的位置,然后再把新加入的数据放在index这个位置,而之前的数据不需要移动。(这些动作比较消耗性能)
/**
* add()
* 在list末尾追加一个元素
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
// 容量检测以及扩容
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
// 将新元素增加到末尾
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
// 如果数组容器为空,初始化容器的容量,默认为10
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
}
/**
* 确保数组长度大于等于最小容量
*/
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
/**
* 扩容:容量在当前的基础上 + 50%
*/
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 通过位运算符扩容,容量在当前的基础上 + 50%
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
// 指定索引add
public void add(int index, E element) {
// 确保该索引要合法即大于等于0并且小于等于数组长度
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
// 确保数组容量大于等于size+1
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
// 将index索引位置(包括)及之后的元素都向后挪动一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
// 将index索引处设置为新增元素
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
4.4 remove()
- rangeCheck(index) 进行越界检查
- modCount 记录修改次数(可以用来检测快速失败的一种标志。)
- 通过索引找到要删除的元素
- 计算要移动的位数
- 移动元素(其实是覆盖掉要删除的元素)
- 将–size上的位置赋值为null,让gc(垃圾回收机制)更快的回收它。
- 返回被删除的元素
/**
* 根据索引移除对象
*/
public E remove(int index) {
// 防止越界,索引不能大于数组长度
rangeCheck(index);
// 操作数+1
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
// 将index后的元素都向前挪动一位,原index的元素就删除了
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
// 数组长度减1
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
/**
* remove 指定对象 Object o
* 判断 o 是否为 null,为 null 则遍历移除集合中为 null 的对象
* 不为 null 则移除指定对象
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/*
* Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
* return the value removed.
*/
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
/**
* 删除fromIndex到toIndex之间的全部元素,把toIndex以后的元素移动(size-toIndex)位,把左移后空
* 的元素置为null好让垃圾回收机制回收内存,最后把新数组的大小赋值给size
*
*/
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - toIndex;
System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex, numMoved);
// clear to let GC do its work
int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);
for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {
elementData[i] = null;
}
size = newSize;
}
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
//非空检查
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
//删除指定集合中的所有元素
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
for (; r < size; r++)
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
// even if c.contains() throws.
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
if (w != size) {
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}
4.5 clear()
/**
* Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will
* be empty after this call returns.
*/
public void clear() {
modCount++;
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
4.6 contains()
/**
* Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element.
* More formally, returns <tt>true</tt> if and only if this list contains
* at least one element <tt>e</tt> such that
* <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>.
*
* @param o element whose presence in this list is to be tested
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contains the specified element
*/
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element
* in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.
* More formally, returns the lowest index <tt>i</tt> such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*/
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
4.7 遍历
Iterator<String> it = arrayList.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
int cursor; // index of next element to return
int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
cursor = lastRet;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> consumer) {
Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
final int size = ArrayList.this.size;
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size) {
return;
}
final Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
while (i != size && modCount == expectedModCount) {
consumer.accept((E) elementData[i++]);
}
// update once at end of iteration to reduce heap write traffic
cursor = i;
lastRet = i - 1;
checkForComodification();
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
总结:
- arrayList可以存放null。
- arrayList本质上就是一个elementData数组。
- arrayList区别于数组的地方在于能够自动扩展大小,其中关键的方法就是gorw()方法。
- arrayList中removeAll(collection c)和clear()的区别就是removeAll可以删除批量指定的元素,而clear是全是删除集合中的元素。
- arrayList由于本质是数组,所以它在数据的查询方面会很快,而在插入删除这些方面,性能下降很多,有移动很多数据才能达到应有的效果。
- arrayList实现了RandomAccess,所以在遍历它的时候推荐使用for循环。