raspberry GPIO引脚说明

BCM2835 GPIO functions

This is a wiki-fied copy of Table 6-31 from the BCM2835 datasheet including any relevant errata, with a couple of extra columns, all nicely hyperlinked together and cross-referenced so that clicking on a function name will automatically take you to the description of that function. Any GPIOs that aren't connected on the RaspberryPi Model B revision 1.0 circuit board are crossed out, and the GPIOs available on the GPIO Connector (P1)are in bold, with their default function (according to the schematics) in bold italics.
(If you want to see how GPIO-pins map back to actual pins, see this page)

GPIO Pins Alternative Function Assignment

	Pull	ALT0	ALT1	ALT2	ALT3	ALT4	ALT5	RPi Rev1.0 signal name	RPi Rev2.0 signal name	RPi Rev1.0connection	RPi Rev2.0connection
GPIO0	High	SDA0	SA5	<reserved>				SDA0	SDA0	P1-03	S5-14
GPIO1	High	SCL0	SA4	<reserved>				SCL0	SCL0	P1-05	S5-13
GPIO2	High	SDA1	SA3	<reserved>				SDA1	SDA1	S5-14	P1-03
GPIO3	High	SCL1	SA2	<reserved>				SCL1	SCL1	S5-13	P1-05
GPIO4	High	GPCLK0	SA1	<reserved>			ARM_TDI	GPIO_GCLK	GPIO_GCLK	P1-07	P1-07
GPIO5	High	GPCLK1	SA0	<reserved>			ARM_TDO	CAM_CLK	CAM_CLK	S5-12	S5-12
GPIO6	High	GPCLK2	SOE_N / SE	<reserved>			ARM_RTCK	LAN_RUN	LAN_RUN	IC3-12	IC3-12
GPIO7	High	SPI0_CE1_N	SWE_N / SRW_N	<reserved>				SPI_CE1_N	SPI_CE1_N	P1-26	P1-26
GPIO8	High	SPI0_CE0_N	SD0	<reserved>				SPI_CE0_N	SPI_CE0_N	P1-24	P1-24
GPIO9	Low	SPI0_MISO	SD1	<reserved>				SPI_MISO	SPI_MISO	P1-21	P1-21
GPIO10	Low	SPI0_MOSI	SD2	<reserved>				SPI_MOSI	SPI_MOSI	P1-19	P1-19
GPIO11	Low	SPI0_SCLK	SD3	<reserved>				SPI_SCLK	SPI_SCLK	P1-23	P1-23
GPIO12	Low	PWM0	SD4	<reserved>			ARM_TMS	nc	nc
GPIO13	Low	PWM1	SD5	<reserved>			ARM_TCK	nc	nc
GPIO14	Low	TXD0	SD6	<reserved>			TXD1	TXD0	TXD0	P1-08	P1-08
GPIO15	Low	RXD0	SD7	<reserved>			RXD1	RXD0	RXD0	P1-10	P1-10
GPIO16	Low	<reserved>	SD8	<reserved>	CTS0	SPI1_CE2_N	CTS1	STATUS_LED_N	STATUS_LED_N	D5 (OK LED)	D5 (ACT LED)
GPIO17	Low	<reserved>	SD9	<reserved>	RTS0	SPI1_CE1_N	RTS1	GPIO_GEN0	GPIO_GEN0	P1-11	P1-11
GPIO18	Low	PCM_CLK	SD10	<reserved>	BSCSL SDA / MOSI	SPI1_CE0_N	PWM0	GPIO_GEN1	GPIO_GEN1	P1-12	P1-12
GPIO19	Low	PCM_FS	SD11	<reserved>	BSCSL SCL / SCLK	SPI1_MISO	PWM1	nc	nc
GPIO20	Low	PCM_DIN	SD12	<reserved>	BSCSL / MISO	SPI1_MOSI	GPCLK0	nc	nc
GPIO21	Low	PCM_DOUT	SD13	<reserved>	BSCSL / CE_N	SPI1_SCLK	GPCLK1	GPIO_GEN2	CAM_GPIO	P1-13	S5-11
GPIO22	Low	<reserved>	SD14	<reserved>	SD1_CLK	ARM_TRST		GPIO_GEN3	GPIO_GEN3	P1-15	P1-15
GPIO23	Low	<reserved>	SD15	<reserved>	SD1_CMD	ARM_RTCK		GPIO_GEN4	GPIO_GEN4	P1-16	P1-16
GPIO24	Low	<reserved>	SD16	<reserved>	SD1_DAT0	ARM_TDO		GPIO_GEN5	GPIO_GEN5	P1-18	P1-18
GPIO25	Low	<reserved>	SD17	<reserved>	SD1_DAT1	ARM_TCK		GPIO_GEN6	GPIO_GEN6	P1-22	P1-22
GPIO26	Low	<reserved>	<reserved>	<reserved>	SD1_DAT2	ARM_TDI		nc	nc
GPIO27	Low	<reserved>	<reserved>	<reserved>	SD1_DAT3	ARM_TMS		CAM_GPIO	GPIO_GEN2	S5-11	P1-13
GPIO28	-	SDA0	SA5	PCM_CLK	<reserved>			CONFIG0	GPIO_GEN7	R10 / R8	P5-3
GPIO29	-	SCL0	SA4	PCM_FS	<reserved>			CONFIG1	GPIO_GEN8	R9 / R7	P5-4
GPIO30	Low	<reserved>	SA3	PCM_DIN	CTS0		CTS1	CONFIG2	GPIO_GEN9	R6 / R4	P5-5
GPIO31	Low	<reserved>	SA2	PCM_DOUT	RTS0		RTS1	CONFIG3	GPIO_GEN10	R5 / R3	P5-6
GPIO32	Low	GPCLK0	SA1	<reserved>	TXD0		TXD1	nc	nc
GPIO33	Low	<reserved>	SA0	<reserved>	RXD0		RXD1	nc	nc
GPIO34	High	GPCLK0	SOE_N / SE	<reserved>	<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO35	High	SPI0_CE1_N	SWE_N / SRW_N		<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO36	High	SPI0_CE0_N	SD0	TXD0	<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO37	Low	SPI0_MISO	SD1	RXD0	<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO38	Low	SPI0_MOSI	SD2	RTS0	<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO39	Low	SPI0_SCLK	SD3	CTS0	<reserved>			nc	nc
GPIO40	Low	PWM0	SD4		<reserved>	SPI2_MISO	TXD1	PWM0_OUT	PWM0_OUT	R21	R21
GPIO41	Low	PWM1	SD5	<reserved>	<reserved>	SPI2_MOSI	RXD1	nc	nc
GPIO42	Low	GPCLK1	SD6	<reserved>	<reserved>	SPI2_SCLK	RTS1	nc	nc
GPIO43	Low	GPCLK2	SD7	<reserved>	<reserved>	SPI2_CE0_N	CTS1	nc	nc
GPIO44	-	GPCLK1	SDA0	SDA1	<reserved>	SPI2_CE1_N		nc	nc
GPIO45	-	PWM1	SCL0	SCL1	<reserved>	SPI2_CE2_N		PWM1_OUT	PWM1_OUT	R27	R27
GPIO46	High				<internal>			HDMI_HPD_P	HDMI_HPD_P	IC1-6	IC1-6
GPIO47	High				<internal>			SD_CARD_DET	SD_CARD_DET	S8-10	S8-10
GPIO48	High				<internal>			SD_CLK_R	SD_CLK_R	R48	R48
GPIO49	High				<internal>			SD_CMD_R	SD_CMD_R	R47	R47
GPIO50	High				<internal>			SD_DATA0_R	SD_DATA0_R	R49	R49
GPIO51	High				<internal>			SD_DATA1_R	SD_DATA1_R	R50	R50
GPIO52	High				<internal>			SD_DATA2_R	SD_DATA2_R	R45	R45
GPIO53	High				<internal>			SD_DATA3_R	SD_DATA3_R	R46	R46
	Pull	ALT0	ALT1	ALT2	ALT3	ALT4	ALT5	RPi Rev1.0 signal name	RPi Rev2.0 signal name	RPi Rev1.0connection	RPi Rev2.0connection

This next paragraph (which I've crossed out) only applies to Rev.1 boards, and even then these GPIOs were apparently never actually used for board identification!
Board revision coding
GPIO 28-31 are brought out, with each pin attached to a voltage divider. These four GPIO's are used to auto detect the revision version, as is indicated in the schematic (sheet to, location 7D). With 10K resistors either mounted or unmounted the pins are either pulled low or high, giving a four bit condition that can be read, with currently only two of the sixteen possible combinations used, one (code '0') for the model A and the other (code '1') for the model B, with codes '2' to 'F' reserved for future use.

As in the table above, the GPIOs available on the GPIO Connector (P1) are in bold, with their default function (according to the schematics) in bold italics.

Special function legend:

Name	Function	Datasheet section	GPIOs
SDA0	BSC master 0 data line	BSC	GPIO0 GPIO28 GPIO44
SCL0	BSC master 0 clock line	BSC	GPIO1 GPIO29 GPIO45
SDA1	BSC master 1 data line	BSC	GPIO2 GPIO44
SCL1	BSC master 1 clock line	BSC	GPIO3 GPIO45
GPCLK0	General purpose Clock 0	<TBD>	GPIO4 GPIO20 GPIO32 GPIO34
GPCLK1	General purpose Clock 1	<TBD>	GPIO5 GPIO21 GPIO42 GPIO44
GPCLK2	General purpose Clock 2	<TBD>	GPIO6 GPIO43
SPI0_CE1_N	SPI0 Chip select 1	SPI	GPIO7 GPIO35
SPI0_CE0_N	SPI0 Chip select 0	SPI	GPIO8 GPIO36
SPI0_MISO	SPI0 MISO	SPI	GPIO9 GPIO37
SPI0_MOSI	SPI0 MOSI	SPI	GPIO10 GPIO38
SPI0_SCLK	SPI0 Serial clock	SPI	GPIO11 GPIO39
PWMx	Pulse Width Modulator 0..1	Pulse Width Modulator	PWM0: GPIO12 GPIO18 GPIO40 PWM1: GPIO13 GPIO19 GPIO41 GPIO45
TXD0	UART 0 Transmit Data	UART	GPIO14 GPIO32 GPIO36
RXD0	UART 0 Receive Data	UART	GPIO15 GPIO33 GPIO37
CTS0	UART 0 Clear To Send	UART	GPIO16 GPIO30 GPIO39
RTS0	UART 0 Request To Send	UART	GPIO17 GPIO31 GPIO38
PCM_CLK	PCM clock	PCM Audio	GPIO18 GPIO28
PCM_FS	PCM Frame Sync	PCM Audio	GPIO19 GPIO29
PCM_DIN	PCM Data in	PCM Audio	GPIO20 GPIO30
PCM_DOUT	PCM data out	PCM Audio	GPIO21 GPIO31
SAx	Secondary mem Address bus	Secondary Memory Interface	many
SOE_N / SE	Secondary mem. Controls	Secondary Memory Interface	GPIO6 GPIO34
SWE_N / SRW_N	Secondary mem. Controls	Secondary Memory Interface	GPIO7 GPIO35
SDx	Secondary mem. data bus	Secondary Memory Interface	many
BSCSL SDA / MOSI	BSC slave Data, SPI slave MOSI	BSC/SPI slave	GPIO18
BSCSL SCL / SCLK	BSC slave Clock, SPI slave clock	BSC/SPI slave	GPIO19
BSCSL - / MISO	BSC <not used>, SPI MISO	BSC/SPI slave	GPIO20
BSCSL - / CE_N	BSC <not used>, SPI CSn	BSC/SPI slave	GPIO21
SPI1_CEx_N	SPI1 Chip select 0-2	Auxiliary I/O	SPI1_CE0_N: GPIO18 SPI1_CE1_N: GPIO17 SPI1_CE2_N: GPIO16
SPI1_MISO	SPI1 MISO	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO19
SPI1_MOSI	SPI1 MOSI	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO20
SPI1_SCLK	SPI1 Serial clock	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO21
TXD1	UART 1 Transmit Data	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO14 GPIO32 GPIO40
RXD1	UART 1 Receive Data	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO15 GPIO33 GPIO41
CTS1	UART 1 Clear To Send	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO16 GPIO30 GPIO43
RTS1	UART 1 Request To Send	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO17 GPIO31 GPIO42
SPI2_CEx_N	SPI2 Chip select 0-2	Auxiliary I/O	SPI2_CE0_N: GPIO43 SPI2_CE1_N: GPIO44 SPI2_CE2_N: GPIO45
SPI2_MISO	SPI2 MISO	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO40
SPI2_MOSI	SPI2 MOSI	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO41
SPI2_SCLK	SPI2 Serial clock	Auxiliary I/O	GPIO42
ARM_TRST	ARM JTAG reset	<TBD>	GPIO22
ARM_RTCK	ARM JTAG return clock	<TBD>	GPIO6 GPIO23
ARM_TDO	ARM JTAG Data out	<TBD>	GPIO4 GPIO24
ARM_TCK	ARM JTAG Clock	<TBD>	GPIO13 GPIO25
ARM_TDI	ARM JTAG Data in	<TBD>	GPIO4 GPIO26
ARM_TMS	ARM JTAG Mode select	<TBD>	GPIO12 GPIO27
Name	Function	Datasheet section	GPIOs

来源：http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs