URL路由配置

URL配置采用的是一个纯Python写的URLconf模块来弄的，这个模块能够把url模式与具体的视图函数一一对应起来

Django是如何处理一个请求的

• Django决定URLconf模块所使用的跟路由，跟路由的由ROOT_URLCONF所指定，但是如果进来的请求带了urlconf的属性，那么就会忽略掉ROOT_URLCONF这个属性指定的内容
• Django加载指定模块，并且查找对应的url模式，这个模式列表是一个django.conf.urls.url()实例
• Django开始从上往下找查找URL列表
• 定位成功后，开始调用具体的视图模块，调用的时候回传入以下内
  
  • 一个HttpRequest实例
  • 假如有具名参数，把具名参数传入
  • kwargs其他参数
• 如果找不到或者出错了，执行错误捕捉页面

URL配置示例

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.article_detail),
]

绑定变量配置示例

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.special_case_2003),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.month_archive),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.article_detail),
]

设置默认变量

# URLconf
from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^blog/$', views.page),
    url(r'^blog/page(?P<num>[0-9]+)/$', views.page),
]

# View (in blog/views.py)
def page(request, num="1"):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.
    ...

引用其他路由

from django.conf.urls import include, url

urlpatterns = [
    # ... snip ...
    url(r'^community/', include('django_website.aggregator.urls')),
    url(r'^contact/', include('django_website.contact.urls')),
    # ... snip ...
]

也可以内部引用

from django.conf.urls import include, url

from apps.main import views as main_views
from credit import views as credit_views

extra_patterns = [
    url(r'^reports/$', credit_views.report),
    url(r'^reports/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/$', credit_views.report),
    url(r'^charge/$', credit_views.charge),
]

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', main_views.homepage),
    url(r'^help/', include('apps.help.urls')),
    url(r'^credit/', include(extra_patterns)),
]

传递扩展变量

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^blog/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive, {'foo': 'bar'}),
]

反向生成URL

在URL跳转的时候基本都用这个，在定义url的时候我们定义了name，reverse的时候就用这个来反向生成

url定义

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    #...
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.year_archive, name='news-year-archive'),
    #...
]

在页面中使用

<a href="{% url 'news-year-archive' 2012 %}">2012 Archive</a>
{# Or with the year in a template context variable: #}
<ul>
{% for yearvar in year_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'news-year-archive' yearvar %}">{{ yearvar }} Archive</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

在代码中跳转

from django.urls import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

def redirect_to_year(request):
    # ...
    year = 2006
    # ...
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('news-year-archive', args=(year,)))

URL命名空间

admin模块里面可以设置app的namespace，设置之后反射跳转要带上命名空间

例如

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
    ...
]

这里设置了app_name，所以reverse的时候要带上命名空间

reverse('polls:index', current_app=self.request.resolver_match.namespace)

前端同理

{% url 'polls:index' %}