C++ 学习（2）--- virtual

1. 虚函数

通过基类的指针调用该成员函数时，将根据指针指向的对象类型确定调用的函数，而非指针的类型

是C++ 多态的一种体现，属于 函数的重写， 而非 重载。 要求函数的名称，参数完全一致。

class Animal
{
   
	public:
		void eat() {
   
			std::cout << "I'm eating animal food."
		}
};

class Dog : public Animal
{
   
	public:
		void eat() {
   
			std::cout << "I'm eating a bone."
		}
};

Animal *animal = new Animal;
Dog *dog = new Dog;

Animal *animal2 = new Dog;

animal ->eat();

cat ->eat();

animal2 ->eat();

输出：
I’m eating animal food.
I’m eating a bone.
I’m eating animal food.

但是，如果把基类中函数设置成 virtual 虚函数，则结果就不同：

class Animal
{
   
	public:
		virtual void eat() {
   
			std::cout << "I'm eating animal food."
		}
};

class Dog : public Animal
{
   
	public:
		void eat() {
   
			std::cout << "I'm eating a bone."
		}
};

Animal *animal = new Animal;
Dog *dog = new Dog;

Animal *animal2 = new Dog;

animal ->eat();

cat ->eat();

animal2 ->eat();

输出：
I’m eating animal food.
I’m eating a bone.
I’m eating animal bone.

2. 虚继承

class Biology
{
   
	public: