java并发API: Semaphore管理资源许可

Semaphore中管理着一组虚拟的许可，许可的初始数量可通过构造函数来指定

public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair)

public Semaphore(int  permits)

，执行操作时可以首先获得许可

semaphore.acquire();

，并在使用后释放许可

semaphore.release();

如果没有许可，那么acquire方法将会一直阻塞直到有许可（或者直到被终端或者操作超时）。

作用：可以用来控制同时访问某个特定资源的操作数量，或者某个操作的数量。

public class SemaphoreDemo {
	// 对资源列表进行同步 
	private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	// 信号量 
	private final Semaphore semaphore;
	// 可使用的资源列表
	private final LinkedList<Object> resourceList = new LinkedList<Object>();
	public SemaphoreDemo(Collection<Object> resourceList) {
		this.resourceList.addAll(resourceList);
		semaphore = new Semaphore(resourceList.size(), true);
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		LinkedList<Object> resources = new LinkedList<Object>();
		resources.add("resource1");
		resources.add("resource2");
		// 准备工作任务
		final SemaphoreDemo demo = new SemaphoreDemo(resources);
		Runnable worker = new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				Object resource = null;
				try {
					// 获取资源
					resource = demo.acquire();
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "--twork ont" + resource);
					// 用resource做工作
					Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10000)/10);
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
							+ "--tfinish ont" + resource);
				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				} finally {
					// 归还资源
					if (resource != null) {
						demo.release(resource);
					}
				}
			}
		};
		// 启动9个任务
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
			service.submit(worker);
		}
		service.shutdown();
		System.out.println("shutdown");
		boolean isTerminate = service.awaitTermination(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
		System.out.println("awaite : " + isTerminate);
	}
	public Object acquire() throws InterruptedException {
		semaphore.acquire();
		lock.lock();
		try {
			return resourceList.poll();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void release(Object resource) {
		lock.lock();
		try {
			resourceList.add(resource);
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
		semaphore.release();
	}
}

结果：

pool-1-thread-1--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-2--twork ontresource2
shutdown
pool-1-thread-2--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-3--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-1--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-4--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-3--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-5--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-4--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-6--twork ontresource1
awaite : false
pool-1-thread-6--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-7--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-5--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-8--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-8--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-9--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-7--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-9--tfinish ontresource2

如果

boolean isTerminate = service.awaitTermination(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

的1000改为1000*100，此时间大于运行总时间

结果：

pool-1-thread-1--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-2--twork ontresource2
shutdown
pool-1-thread-1--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-3--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-2--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-4--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-4--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-5--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-3--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-6--twork ontresource1
pool-1-thread-5--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-7--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-7--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-8--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-8--tfinish ontresource2
pool-1-thread-9--twork ontresource2
pool-1-thread-6--tfinish ontresource1
pool-1-thread-9--tfinish ontresource2
awaite : true