安卓-使用WindowManager实现类似Toast效果

大家好，今天讲下如果使用WindowManager通过添加View的方式实现自定义Toast效果。
整个Android的窗口机制是基于一个叫做WindowManager，这个接口可以添加view到屏幕，也可以从屏幕删除view。它面向的对象一端是屏幕，另一端就是View，直接忽略我们以前的Activity或者Dialog之类的东东。其实我们的Activity或者Diolog底层的实现也是通过WindowManager，这个WindowManager是全局的，通过它，可以将View添加到顶层窗口。

先看下源码接口的定义:

public interface ViewManager
{
    /**
     * Assign the passed LayoutParams to the passed View and add the view to the window.
     * <p>Throws {@link android.view.WindowManager.BadTokenException} for certain programming
     * errors, such as adding a second view to a window without removing the first view.
     * <p>Throws {@link android.view.WindowManager.InvalidDisplayException} if the window is on a
     * secondary {@link Display} and the specified display can't be found
     * (see {@link android.app.Presentation}).
     * @param view The view to be added to this window.
     * @param params The LayoutParams to assign to view.
     */
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    public void removeView(View view);
}

总结: WindowManager的使用关键几个方法:
1)获取对象：WindowManager mWm = (WindowManager)getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
2)添加显示的View：mWm.addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
3)更新View及布局参数：mWm.updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
4)移除添加的View: mWm.removeView(View view);


如果想实现Toast效果，抓住关键几个点:
1)文字
2)时间
3)动画效果
4)显示位置
5)可以自定义View
6)仿重复点击
等等...


下面直接看我写的测试demo,实现了多种使用方法，在注释中均有说明，相信大家看的懂,我就多说了。直接上代码:

/**
 * Created by wangwentao on 2017/1/25.
 * 使用WindowManager实现类似Toast的效果
 * 常见的使用方法如下:
 * ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , 3000).show();//显示自定义时间
 * ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_SHORT).show();//显示默认的短时间
 * ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG).show();//显示默认的长时间
 * ToastCustom.makeTextAndAnim(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG,包名.R.style.自定义动画的样式名称).show();//显示自定义样式的动画
 * ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG).setView(view).show();//自定义View
 * ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG).setGravity(Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM,0,100).show();//控制显示位置
 * ToastCustom.makeTextAndIcon(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG,R.mipmap.ic_launcher).show();//自定义显示文字和图片，最终结果，图片在上，文字在下
 * 注意:不建议使用方法，
 * ToastCustom toast = ToastCustom.makeTextAndIcon(MainActivity.this, "提示内容" , ToastCustom.LENGTH_LONG,R.mipmap.ic_launcher);
 * LinearLayout toastView = (LinearLayout) mToast.getView();
 ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);
 imageView.setImageResource(iconResId);
 toastView.addView(imageView, 0);
 toast.show();
 这样会造成连续多次点击时，重复添加,当然如果自己能增加控制重复点击也是可以的，除此之外上面的其他用法均是增加了防止重复点击的功能的
 *
 */

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.PixelFormat;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.mobile.cdtx.uploadfile.R;

public class ToastCustom {
    //定义变量
    private static final int MESSAGE_WHAT = 0;
    public static final double LENGTH_SHORT = 2000.0;//2s
    public static final double LENGTH_LONG = 3500.0;//3,5s
    private static ToastCustom toastCustom;
    private static WindowManager mWindowManager;
    private static WindowManager.LayoutParams params;
    private double time;
    private static View mView;
    private static TextView textView;
    private MyHandler mHandler;
    /**
     *指定显示内容和时间
     * @param context 可以是Activity或getApplicationContext()
     * @param text 需要提示的信息文字
     * @param time 单位:毫秒
     */
    private ToastCustom(Context context, CharSequence text, double time){
        //初始化
        this.time = time;
        if(mWindowManager == null){
            mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        }

        //将自定义View添加到自定义布局
        mView = customView(context, text);

        //设置布局参数
        setLayoutParams(-1);
    }

    /**
     *指定显示内容，时间和动画ID
     * @param context
     * @param text
     * @param time
     * @param resAnimId
     */
    private ToastCustom(Context context, String text, double time,int resAnimId){
        //初始化
        this.time = time;
        mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);

        //将自定义View添加到自定义布局
        mView = customView(context, text);

        //设置布局参数
        setLayoutParams(resAnimId);
    }

    //设置布局参数
    private void setLayoutParams(int resAnimId){
        params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
        params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
        params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
        params.windowAnimations = resAnimId;//Animation.INFINITE
        params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;
        params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
        params.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
        params.y = 100;//正数，数值越大，位置向上移动
        params.x = 0;
    }

    //自定义View
    private View customView(Context context, CharSequence text){
        LinearLayout toastView = new LinearLayout(context);
        toastView.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
        toastView.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.text_view_border);
        textView = new TextView(context);
        textView.setText(text);
        textView.setTextColor(Color.parseColor("#FFFFFF"));
        textView.setTextSize(14);
        textView.setPadding(20,5,20,5);
        toastView.addView(textView, 0);
        return toastView;
    }

    /**
     *传递需要显示的参数
     * @param context
     * @param text
     * @param time
     * @return
     */
    public static ToastCustom makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, double time){
        if(toastCustom == null){
            toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);
        }else{
            setText(text);
        }
        return toastCustom;
    }

    /**
     *需要显示文字和图片
     * @param context
     * @param text
     * @param time
     * @return
     */
    public static ToastCustom makeTextAndIcon(Context context, CharSequence text, double time,int resIconId){
        if(toastCustom == null){
            toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);
            LinearLayout toastView = (LinearLayout) toastCustom.getView();
            ImageView imageView = new ImageView(context);
            imageView.setImageResource(resIconId);
            toastView.addView(imageView, 0);
        }else{
            setText(text);
        }
        return toastCustom;
    }

    /**
     * 控制显示文字和动画
     * @param context
     * @param text
     * @param time
     * @param resAnimId :使用方法:包名.R.style.自定义动画的样式名称
     * @return
     */
    public static ToastCustom makeTextAndAnim(Context context, CharSequence text, double time,int resAnimId){
        if(toastCustom == null){
            toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);
        }else{
            setText(text);
        }
        return toastCustom;
    }

    /**
     * 自定义View
     * @param view
     * @return
     */
    public static ToastCustom setView(View view){
        mView = view;
        return toastCustom;
    }

    /**
     * 获取默认的显示的view
     * @return
     */
    public static View getView(){
        return mView;
    }

    /**
     * 修改显示的文本
     * @param message
     */
    private static void setText(CharSequence message){
        textView.setText(message);
    }

    /**
     * 自定义显示位置
     * @param gravity:传递参数，如: Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM
     * @param xOffset
     * @return yOffset
     */
    public static ToastCustom setGravity(int gravity,int xOffset, int yOffset){
        params.gravity = gravity;
        params.x = xOffset;
        params.y = yOffset;
        return toastCustom;
    }


    /**
     * 调用makeText之后再调用
     */
    public void show(){
        //防止多次点击，重复添加
        if(mHandler == null){
            mHandler = new MyHandler();
            mWindowManager.addView(mView, params);
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MESSAGE_WHAT, (long) (time));
        }
    }

    /**
     * 取消View的显示
     */
    private void cancel(){
        mWindowManager.removeView(mView);
        mView = null;
        toastCustom = null;
        mHandler = null;
    }

    //自定义Handler
    private class MyHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg)
        {
            switch (msg.what)
            {
                case MESSAGE_WHAT:
                    cancel();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
}

背景需要在drawable下增加 text_view_border文件，文件内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <solid android:color="#80000000" />
    <corners android:topLeftRadius="10dp"
        android:topRightRadius="10dp"
        android:bottomRightRadius="10dp"
        android:bottomLeftRadius="10dp"/>
</shape>
好了，今天就讲到这里了!!