java设计模式_状态模式

一、什么是状态模式

State模式也叫状态模式，是行为设计模式的 一种。State模式允许通过改变对象的内部状态 而改变对象的行为，这个对象表现得就好像修改
了它的类一样。

二、状态模式的应用场景

状态模式主要解决的是当控制一个对象状态转 换的条件表达式过于复杂时的情况。把状态的判 断逻辑转译到表现不同状态的一系列类当中，可
以把复杂的判断逻辑简化。

三、状态模式的结构

四、状态模式的角色和职责
Context：用户对象 拥有一个State类型的成员，以标识对象的当前 状态； State：接口或基类
封装与Context的特定状态相关的行为； ConcreteState：接口实现类或子类 实现了一个与Context某个状态相关的行为。

//示例1:

public class Person {

    private int hour;

    public void setHour(int hour) {
        this.hour = hour;
    }

    public int getHour() {
        return hour;
    }

    public void doSomething()
    {
        if(hour == 7)
        {
            System.out.println("吃早餐");
        } else if(hour == 12) {
            System.out.println("吃中饭");
        } else if(hour == 18) {
            System.out.println("吃晚饭");
        }
    }
}

public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setHour(7);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(12);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(18);
        person.doSomething();
    }
}



//吃早餐
//吃中饭
//吃晚饭
//

//示例2:
public abstract class State {

    public abstract void  doSomething();

}

public  class MState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("吃早餐");
    }


}

public  class LState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("吃中饭");
    }


}

public  class SState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("吃晚饭");
    }


}
public  class NoState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething() {
        System.out.println("未定义");
    }


}

public class Person {

    private int hour;
    private State state;

    public void setHour(int hour) {
        this.hour = hour;
    }

    public int getHour() {
        return hour;
    }

    public void doSomething()
    {
        if(hour == 7)
        {
            state = new MState();
            state.doSomething();
        } else if(hour == 12) {
            state = new LState();
            state.doSomething();
        } else if(hour == 18) {
            state = new SState();
            state.doSomething();
        } else {
            state = new NoState();
            state.doSomething();
        }
    }
}


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setHour(7);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(12);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(18);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(8);
        person.doSomething();
    }
}



//吃早餐
//吃中饭
//吃晚饭
//未定义


//示例3:
public abstract class State {

    public abstract void  doSomething(Person person);

}
public  class MState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething(Person person) {
        if(person.getHour() == 7)
            System.out.println("吃早餐");
        else {
            person.setState(new LState());
            person.doSomething();
        }
    }


}
public  class LState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething(Person person) {
        if(person.getHour() == 12)
            System.out.println("吃中饭");
        else {
            person.setState(new SState());
            person.doSomething();
        }
    }


}

public  class SState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething(Person person) {
        if(person.getHour() == 18)
            System.out.println("吃晚饭");
        else {
            person.setState(new NoState());
            person.doSomething();
        }
    }


}

public  class NoState extends State {

    @Override
    public void doSomething(Person person) {
        System.out.println("未定义");
    }


}

public class Person {

    private int hour;
    private State state = new MState();

    public void setState(State state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    public void setHour(int hour) {
        this.hour = hour;
    }

    public int getHour() {
        return hour;
    }

    public void doSomething()
    {
        state.doSomething(this);
    }
}
public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setHour(7);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(12);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(18);
        person.doSomething();

        person.setHour(8);
        person.doSomething();
    }
}



//吃早餐
//吃中饭
//吃晚饭
//未定义