C++ 面向对象复数类模板代码

重点关注默认参数函数声明，构造函数初始化列表，运算符重载，以及传入引用的使用，返回值是否带const和引用，以及成员函数与普通函数的区别，友元的使用。

注意，对于非成员函数，在VS2017编译器下使用inline关键词会报错，这里先去掉inline

MyComplex.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
class MyComplex
{
public:
	MyComplex(double r = 0, double i = 0)
	 : re(r), im(i)
	{ }

	MyComplex & operator += (const MyComplex &);
	double real() const { return re; }
	double imag() const { return im; }


private:
	double re, im;
	
	friend MyComplex & __doapl(MyComplex*, const MyComplex &);
};

std::ostream&
operator << (std::ostream&, const MyComplex&);

MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex&, const MyComplex&);

MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex &, double);

MyComplex
operator +(double, const MyComplex &);

MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex&);

MyComplex
operator -(const MyComplex &);

bool
operator == (const MyComplex &, const MyComplex &);

MyComplex
conj(const MyComplex &);

MyComplex.cpp

#include "MyComplex.h"


// 普通函数，直接访问了private中的变量，声明为友元
inline MyComplex & 
__doapl(MyComplex* ths, const MyComplex & r) 
{
	ths->re += r.re;
	ths->im += r.im;       // 第一个参数会改动
	return *ths;           // 第二个参数不会改动
}

// 成员函数，思考是否可以用普通函数实现
inline MyComplex &
MyComplex::operator+=(const MyComplex &r)
{
	return __doapl(this, r);
}


// 这里一定不能返回引用，因为返回的是一个临时对象
// 没有直接用到private中变量，不需要声明为友元
MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex& x, const MyComplex& y)
{
	return MyComplex(x.real() + y.real(), x.imag() + y.imag());
}

MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex & x, double y)
{
	return MyComplex(x.real() + y, x.imag());
}

MyComplex
operator +(double x, const MyComplex &y)
{
	return MyComplex(x + y.real(), y.imag());
}

// 单目运算符，返回值可以用引用
MyComplex
operator +(const MyComplex& x)
{
	return x;
}

MyComplex
operator -(const MyComplex &x)
{
	return MyComplex(-x.real(), -x.imag());
}

bool
operator == (const MyComplex &x, const MyComplex &y)
{
	return x.real() == y.real() && x.imag() == y.imag();
}

MyComplex
conj(const MyComplex &x)
{
	return MyComplex(x.real(),-x.imag());
}

// 输出运算符的重载
// 没有涉及到private中变量，不需要设为友元函数
std::ostream&
operator << (std::ostream& os, const MyComplex &x)
{
	return os << '(' << x.real() << "," << x.imag() << ")";
}

简单测试函数

#include "MyComplex.h"
#include <iostream>

int main() 
{
	//std::cout << "hello world" << std::endl;
	MyComplex c1(3, 4);
	MyComplex c2(5, 6);
	//MyComplex c3;
	std::cout << c1 << std::endl;
	std::cout << c2 << std::endl;
	std::cout << c1 + c2 << std::endl;
}