Webbench是知名的网站压力测试工具,它模拟通过创建子进程,模拟浏览器去访问域名/IP地址,然后测试每秒钟相应请求数和每秒钟传输数据量
Webbench程序运行在linux平台下,下面介绍源代码编译安装过程。
yum install -y gcc ctags
wget http://www.ha97.com/code/webbench-1.5.tar.gz
tar zxvf webbench-1.5.tar.gz
cd webbench-1.5
make
make install
在终端种使用Webbench
webbench -c 10 -t 10 http://test.domain.com/phpinfo.php
webbench -c 并发数 -t 运行测试时间 URL
测试实验结果解释
速度:每秒钟响应请求数:444 pages/min,每秒钟传输数据量59377 bytes/sec.
返回数:73次返回成功,1次返回失败
Webbench源码剖析
命令行参数解析
命令行参数解析当然是linux下的经典做法,通过getopt_long库函数。这个函数需要配合一个全局变量使用
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
标准的命令行输入如下
webbench -c 10 -t 10 http://test.domain.com/phpinfo.php
webbench -c 并发数 -t 运行测试时间 URL
输入命令行参数帮助如下
/* help 信息 */
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
};
主函数中,命令行参数的解析逻辑如下:
int opt = 0;
int options_index = 0;
char *tmp = NULL;
/* 不带参数时直接输出 help 信息 */
if(argc == 1)
{
usage();
return 2;
}
/* getopt_long 为命令行解析的库函数,可通过 man 3 getopt_long 查看 */
while((opt = getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index)) != EOF )
{
/* 如果有返回对应的命令行参数 */
switch(opt)
{
case 0 : break;
case 'f': force = 1;break;
case 'r': force_reload = 1;break;
case '9': http10 = 0;break;
case '1': http10 = 1;break;
case '2': http10 = 2;break;
case 'V':
printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");
exit(0);
case 't':
benchtime = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'p':
/* proxy server parsing server:port */
tmp = strrchr(optarg,':');
proxyhost = optarg;
if(tmp == NULL)
{
break;
}
if(tmp == optarg)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
if(tmp == optarg + strlen(optarg)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
*tmp = '\0';
proxyport = atoi(tmp+1);
break;
case ':':
case 'h':
case '?': usage();return 2;break;
case 'c': clients = atoi(optarg);break;
}
}
/* optind 被 getopt_long 设置为命令行参数中未读取的下一个元素下标值 */
if(optind == argc)
{
fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
return 2;
}
/* 不能指定客户端数和请求时间为 0 */
if(clients == 0) clients = 1;
if(benchtime == 0) benchtime = 60;
构造http请求报文
/* Copyright */
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
/* 构造 HTTP 请求到 request 数组 */
build_request(argv[optind]);
/* 以下到函数结束为输出提示信息 */
/* print bench info */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
if(clients == 1) printf("1 client");
else
printf("%d clients",clients);
printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close");
if(proxyhost != NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
printf(".\n");
HTTP请求报文,采用字符串拼接形成
void build_request(const char *url)
{
char tmp[10];
int i;
/* 初始化 */
bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
/* 判断应该使用的 HTTP 协议 */
if(force_reload && proxyhost != NULL && http10 < 1) http10 = 1;
if(method == METHOD_HEAD && http10 < 1) http10 = 1;
if(method == METHOD_OPTIONS && http10 < 2) http10 = 2;
if(method == METHOD_TRACE && http10 < 2) http10 = 2;
/*填写 method 方法 */
switch(method)
{
default:
case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
strcat(request," ");
/* URL 合法性判断 */
if(NULL == strstr(url,"://"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
exit(2);
}
if(strlen(url)>1500)
{
fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost == NULL)
if(0 != strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
{
/* 只支持 HTTP 地址 */
fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(2);
}
/* 找到主机名开始的地方 */
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i = strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
/* 必须以 / 结束*/
/* printf("%d\n",i); */
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost == NULL)
{
/* get port from hostname */
if(index(url+i,':') != NULL && index(url+i,':') < index(url+i,'/'))
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
/* 端口 */
bzero(tmp,10);
strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
/* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
/* 设置端口 */
proxyport = atoi(tmp);
if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
} else {
strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
}
// printf("Host=%s\n",host);
strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
} else {
// printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
strcat(request,url);
}
if(http10 == 1)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
else if (http10==2)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
strcat(request,"\r\n");
if(http10 > 0)
strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
if(proxyhost == NULL && http10 > 0)
{
strcat(request,"Host: ");
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost != NULL)
{
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if(http10 > 1)
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
/* add empty line at end */
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
// printf("Req=%s\n",request);
}
压力测试
主进程创建子进程,子进程对服务器进行并发访问,把数据通过管道传给子进程,有三个数据
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid = 0;
FILE *f;
/* 作为测试地址是否合法 */
/* check avaibility of target server */
i = Socket(proxyhost == NULL?host:proxyhost, proxyport);
if(i < 0){
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
return 1;
}
close(i);
/* 建立管道 */
/* create pipe */
if(pipe(mypipe))
{
perror("pipe failed.");
return 3;
}
/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
* cas=time(NULL);
* while(time(NULL)==cas)
* sched_yield();
* */
/* 派生子进程 */
/* fork childs */
for(i = 0;i < clients;i++)
{
pid = fork();
if(pid <= (pid_t)0)
{
/* child process or error*/
sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
break; /* 子进程立刻跳出循环,要不就子进程继续 fork 了 */
}
}
if( pid < (pid_t)0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
perror("fork failed.");
return 3;
}
if(pid == (pid_t)0)
{
/* 子进程发出实际请求 */
/* I am a child */
if(proxyhost == NULL)
benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
else
benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
/* 打开管道写 */
/* write results to pipe */
f = fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
if(f == NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return 3;
}
/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
fclose(f);
return 0;
} else {
/* 父进程打开管道读 */
f = fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
if(f == NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
return 3;
}
setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
speed = 0; /* 传输速度 */
failed = 0; /* 失败请求数 */
bytes = 0; /* 传输字节数 */
while(1)
{
pid = fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
if(pid<2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
break;
}
speed += i;
failed += j;
bytes += k;
/* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
/* 子进程是否读取完 */
if(--clients == 0) break;
}
fclose(f);
/* 结果计算 */
printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
(int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
(int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
speed,
failed);
}
return i;
}
单个子进程访问服务器的逻辑
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
int rlen;
char buf[1500];
int s,i;
struct sigaction sa;
/*安装信号 */
/* setup alarm signal handler */
sa.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
sa.sa_flags = 0;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
exit(3);
/* 设置闹钟函数 */
alarm(benchtime);
rlen = strlen(req);
nexttry:
while(1){
/* 收到信号则 timerexpired = 1 */
if(timerexpired)
{
if(failed > 0)
{
/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
failed--;
}
return;
}
/* 建立 socket, 进行 HTTP 请求 */
s = Socket(host,port);
if(s < 0)
{
failed++;
continue;
}
if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen))
{
failed++;
close(s);
continue;
}
/* HTTP 0.9 的处理 */
if(http10==0)
/* 如果关闭不成功 */
if(shutdown(s,1))
{
failed++;
close(s);
continue;
}
/* -f 选项时不读取服务器回复 */
if(force == 0)
{
/* read all available data from socket */
while(1)
{
if(timerexpired) break;
i = read(s,buf,1500);
/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
if(i<0)
{
failed++;
close(s);
goto nexttry;
}
else
if(i == 0) break;
else bytes+=i;
}
}
if(close(s))
{
failed++;
continue;
}
speed++;
}
}