举例说说，Linux常用性能测试工具

在Linux Benchmark Suite Homepage网站上列举了诸多Linux性能测试工具，包括CPU/RAM/ROM/Cache/net等性能测试。

lmbench

测试工具

这个工具集中包含以下几种测试工具，我们主要使用到bw_mem工具进行Memory read和write测试。

1、Bandwidth benchmarks(带宽测试)

Cached file read

Memory copy (bcopy)

Memory read

Memory write

Pipe

TCP

2、Latency benchmarks(延时测试)

Context switching

Networking：connection establishment、 pipe、TCP、UDP、 and RPC hot potato

File system creates and deletes

Process creation

Signal handling

System call overhead

Memory read latency

3、Miscellanious

Processor clock rate calculation

交叉编译

从How do I get LMbench或者从github下载源码，设置交叉工具链和编译FLAG，修改src/Makefile中的CC和EXFLAGS为：

CC=/home/imx8x/prebuilt/toolchains/aarch64-imx8x-linux/bin/aarch64-poky-linux-gcc
EXFLAGS=-static -march=armv8-a -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard -mtune=cortex-a35 -funroll-loops

使用make OS=arm-linux build编译，如果出现如下错误：

cd src && make
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/xxx/work2/util/lmbench3/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/xxx/work2/util/lmbench3/src'
make[2]: *** No rule to make target '../SCCS/s.ChangeSet', needed by 'bk.ver'.  Stop.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/xxx/work2/util/lmbench3/src'
Makefile:117: recipe for target 'lmbench' failed
make[1]: *** [lmbench] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/xxx/work2/util/lmbench3/src'
Makefile:20: recipe for target 'build' failed
make: *** [build] Error 2

解决办法：

mkdir SCCS
cd SCCS
touch s.ChangeSet

上述编译好了之后，就可以在/bin/arm-linux/目录下生成可执行文件，关于各个可执行文件的用法，可以简要的参照：

http://www.bitmover.com/lmbench/man_lmbench.html

http://lmbench.sourceforge.net/man/lmbench.8.html

memory性能测试

将bw_mem文件拷贝到板子上运行如下命令：

@android:/var # ./bw_mem 256M wr                                              
268.44 573.30
@android:/var # ./bw_mem 256M fwr                                             
268.44 3034.69
@android:/var # ./bw_mem 256M rd                                              
268.44 896.46
@android:/var # ./bw_mem 256M frd                                             
268.44 867.99

各个参数含义如下：

/*
* rd - 4 byte read, 32 byte stride
* wr - 4 byte write, 32 byte stride
* rdwr - 4 byte read followed by 4 byte write to same place, 32 byte stride
* cp - 4 byte read then 4 byte write to different place, 32 byte stride
* fwr - write every 4 byte word
* frd - read every 4 byte word
* fcp - copy every 4 byte word
* All tests do 512 byte chunks in a loop.                        
* XXX - do a 64bit version of this.
*/

STREAM

官方的说法是：

The STREAM benchmark is a simple synthetic benchmark program that measures sustainable memory bandwidth (in MB/s) and the corresponding computation rate for simple vector kernels.

翻译过来就是：

STREAM benchmark是一个简单的综合基准测试程序，用于测量可持续存储器带宽（以MB/s为单位）和简单矢量内核的相应计算速率。

交叉编译

下载源码：

mkdir STREAM
cd STREAM
wget -r -R 'index*' -np -nH --cut-dirs=3 http://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/FTP/Code

指定交叉工具链：

CC=/home/xxx/work2/xxx/imx8x/prebuilt/toolchains/aarch64-imx8x-linux/bin/aarch64-poky-linux-gcc

在编译的时候，需要指定一些参数，这些参数对结果影响很大，建议直接查看stream.c源文件。

编译c语言版本的工具make stream_c.exe，生成stream_c.exe可执行文件。

执行结果为：

@android:/var # ./stream_c.exe                                                
-------------------------------------------------------------
STREAM version $Revision: 5.10 $
-------------------------------------------------------------
This system uses 8 bytes per array element.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Array size = 10000000 (elements), Offset = 0 (elements)
Memory per array = 76.3 MiB (= 0.1 GiB).
Total memory required = 228.9 MiB (= 0.2 GiB).
Each kernel will be executed 10 times.
The *best* time for each kernel (excluding the first iteration)
will be used to compute the reported bandwidth.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Your clock granularity/precision appears to be 1 microseconds.
Each test below will take on the order of 134214 microseconds.
   (= 134214 clock ticks)
Increase the size of the arrays if this shows that
you are not getting at least 20 clock ticks per test.
-------------------------------------------------------------
WARNING -- The above is only a rough guideline.
For best results, please be sure you know the
precision of your system timer.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Function    Best Rate MB/s  Avg time     Min time     Max time
Copy:            1731.3     0.106711     0.092416     0.125942
Scale:           1294.3     0.140618     0.123622     0.164197
Add:             1107.7     0.232000     0.216672     0.263167
Triad:            991.0     0.252958     0.242168     0.276101
-------------------------------------------------------------
Solution Validates: avg error less than 1.000000e-13 on all three arrays
-------------------------------------------------------------

目前还不知道这个结果都是些什么，与上文的lmbench的bw_mem工具差异蛮大的，有待后续研究。

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