上一节介绍了 epoll 与 Reactor 模型，将 Reactor 模型 调整一下，让 reactor 支持回调函数。更有利于实现 TCP/IP 上面的 HTTP协议。
直接上代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define BUFFER_LENGTH 1024
#define ACCEPT_KEY_LENGTH 64
#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 1024
#define SERVER_PORT 8888
#define PORT_COUNT 2
#define HTTP_METHOD_GET 0
#define HTTP_METHOD_POST 1
#define RESOURCE_LENGTH 1024
#define HTTP_WEB_ROOT "/home/qifei/0Voice/2.1.1/html"
typedef int NCALLBACK(int ,int, void*);
struct ntyevent {
int fd;
int events;
void *arg;
int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int status;
char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //request
int length;
//long last_active;
char wbuffer[BUFFER_LENGTH]; //response
int wlength;
char sec_accept[ACCEPT_KEY_LENGTH];
int wsstatus; //0, 1, 2, 3
int method;
char resource[RESOURCE_LENGTH];
};
struct eventblock {
struct eventblock *next;
struct ntyevent *events;
};
struct ntyreactor {
int epfd;
int blkcnt;
struct eventblock *evblks;
};
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd);
void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent *ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void *arg) {
ev->fd = fd;
ev->callback = callback;
ev->events = 0;
ev->arg = arg;
//ev->last_active = time(NULL);
return ;
}
int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev) {
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
ep_ev.events = ev->events = events;
int op;
if (ev->status == 1) {
op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
} else {
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
ev->status = 1;
}
if (epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) < 0) {
printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent *ev) {
struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
if (ev->status != 1) {
return -1;
}
ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
ev->status = 0;
epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);
return 0;
}
int readline(char * allbuf,int idx,char *linebuf)
{
int len = (int)strlen(allbuf);
for(;idx < len;++idx){
if(allbuf[idx] == '\r' && allbuf[idx+1] == '\n')
return idx+2;
else
*(linebuf++) = allbuf[idx];
}
return -1;
}
// request
int nty_http_request(struct ntyevent *ev){ //decode
char linebuffer[1024] = {0};
int idx = readline(ev->buffer,0,linebuffer);
if(strstr(linebuffer,"GET")){
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_GET;
int i = 0;
while(linebuffer[sizeof("GET ")+ i] != ' ') i++;
linebuffer[sizeof("GET ") + i] ='\0';
sprintf(ev->resource,"%s/%s",HTTP_WEB_ROOT,linebuffer+sizeof("GET "));
//printf("resource:%s\n",ev->resource);
}else if(strstr(linebuffer,"POST")){
ev->method = HTTP_METHOD_POST;
}
//printf("line: %s\n",linebuffer);
}
//connection sock_item --> fd,rbuffer,wbuffer,clientaddr
int nty_http_response_get_method(struct ntyevent *ev)
{
//int file = open();
#if 0
int len= sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"ACCEPT-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length:86\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:37:59 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0Voice.qifei</title></head><body><h1>qifei</h1></body></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
#else
int filefd = open(ev->resource,O_RDONLY);
int len;
if(filefd == -1){
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"ACCEPT-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length:86\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:37:59 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0Voice.qifei</title></head><body><h1>qifei</h1></body></html>");
ev->wlength = len;
}else{
#if 0
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
close(filefd);
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"ACCEPT-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length:%ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:37:59 GMT\r\n\r\n"
,stat_buf.st_size);
ev->wlength = len ;
#else
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
close(filefd);
len = sprintf(ev->wbuffer,
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"ACCEPT-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length:%ld\r\n"
"Content-Type: image/png\r\n"
"Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:37:59 GMT\r\n\r\n"
,stat_buf.st_size);
ev->wlength = len ;
#endif
}
#endif
return len;
}
int nty_http_response(struct ntyevent *ev) //encode 的过程
{
if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_GET){ //可以做个设计模式出来，案例 或者过滤器模式
return nty_http_response_get_method(ev);
}else if(ev->method == HTTP_METHOD_POST){
}
}
int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent *ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if (ev == NULL) return -1;
int len = (int)recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
//if (ev->buffer[])
if (len > 0) {
ev->length = len;
ev->buffer[len] = '\0';
//ws_request(ev);
nty_http_request(ev); //parser http hdr
// 把收到的转发回去
//memcpy(ev->wbuffer,ev->buffer,ev->length);
//ev->wlength = ev->length;
//printf("recv [%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);
// 在send 之前把数据放到 wbuffer 中
nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
} else if (len == 0) {
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
printf("recv_cb --> disconnect\n");
close(ev->fd);
} else {
if (errno == EAGAIN && errno == EWOULDBLOCK) { //
} else if (errno == ECONNRESET){
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
}
printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
struct ntyevent *ev = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, fd);
if (ev == NULL) return -1;
//ws_response(ev);
nty_http_response(ev);
int len = (int)send(fd, ev->wbuffer, ev->wlength, 0);
if (len > 0) {
//printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->wbuffer);
//printf("resource :%s\n", ev->resource);
//sendfile()
// 阻塞IO
int flag = fcntl(fd,F_GETFL,0);
flag &=~O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,flag);
int filefd = open(ev->resource,O_RDONLY);
if(filefd < 0 ) return -1;
struct stat stat_buf;
fstat(filefd, &stat_buf);
int ret = sendfile(fd,filefd,NULL,stat_buf.st_size);
if(ret == -1){
printf("sendfile: error %d\n",errno);
}
// 设为非阻塞
flag |=~O_NONBLOCK;
fcntl(fd,F_SETFL,flag);
close(filefd);
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
} else {
nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
close(ev->fd);
printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
}
return len;
}
int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);
int clientfd;
if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
}
printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
int flag = 0;
if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
return -1;
}
struct ntyevent *event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, clientfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
nty_event_set(event, clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
//printf("new connect [%s:%d], pos[%d]\n",
//inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), clientfd);
return 0;
}
int init_sock(short port) {
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if (listen(fd, 20) < 0) {
printf("listen failed : %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
printf("listen server port : %d\n", port);
return fd;
}
int ntyreactor_alloc(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
while (blk->next != NULL) {
blk = blk->next;
}
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc ntyevent failed\n");
return -2;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
printf("ntyreactor_alloc eventblock failed\n");
return -3;
}
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
blk->next = block;
reactor->blkcnt ++;
return 0;
}
struct ntyevent *ntyreactor_idx(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd) {
if (reactor == NULL) return NULL;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return NULL;
int blkidx = sockfd / MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS;
while (blkidx >= reactor->blkcnt) {
ntyreactor_alloc(reactor);
}
int i = 0;
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
while (i++ != blkidx && blk != NULL) {
blk = blk->next;
}
return &blk->events[sockfd % MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS];
}
int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
return -2;
}
struct ntyevent* evs = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
if (evs == NULL) {
printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
memset(evs, 0, (MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
struct eventblock *block = malloc(sizeof(struct eventblock));
if (block == NULL) {
free(evs);
close(reactor->epfd);
return -3;
}
block->events = evs;
block->next = NULL;
reactor->evblks = block;
reactor->blkcnt = 1;
return 0;
}
int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
close(reactor->epfd);
struct eventblock *blk = reactor->evblks;
struct eventblock *blk_next;
while (blk != NULL) {
blk_next = blk->next;
free(blk->events);
free(blk);
blk = blk_next;
}
return 0;
}
int ntyreactor_addlistener(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd, NCALLBACK *acceptor) {
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct ntyevent *event = ntyreactor_idx(reactor, sockfd);
if (event == NULL) return -1;
nty_event_set(event, sockfd, acceptor, reactor);
nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, event);
return 0;
}
int ntyreactor_run(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
if (reactor->epfd < 0) return -1;
if (reactor->evblks == NULL) return -1;
struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS+1];
int checkpos = 0, i;
while (1) {
int nready = epoll_wait(reactor->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS, 1000);
if (nready < 0) {
printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
continue;
}
for (i = 0;i < nready;i ++) {
struct ntyevent *ev = (struct ntyevent*)events[i].data.ptr;
if ((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN)) {
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
if ((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT)) {
ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
}
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)malloc(sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
ntyreactor_init(reactor);
unsigned short port = SERVER_PORT;
if (argc == 2) {
port = atoi(argv[1]);
}
int i = 0;
int sockfds[PORT_COUNT] = {0};
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
sockfds[i] = init_sock(port+i);
ntyreactor_addlistener(reactor, sockfds[i], accept_cb);
}
ntyreactor_run(reactor);
ntyreactor_destory(reactor);
for (i = 0;i < PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
close(sockfds[i]);
}
free(reactor);
return 0;
}
reactor 网络模型的调整
- 在每个 server socket 监听之后就 把它加入到 epoll 的兴趣列表里面。并绑定 accept 的回调函数。
- 核心的就是 ntyreactor_run 这个函数。把所有server 和 client 的收发用回调函数统一处理了
通过 send_cb 与 recv_cb 实现 http 协议
什么是http 协议
Response 的头
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
"ACCEPT-Ranges: bytes\r\n"
"Content-Length:86\r\n"
"Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
"Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 21:37:59 GMT\r\n\r\n"
"<html><head><title>0Voice.qifei</title></head><body><h1>qifei</h1> </body></html>");
HTTP/1.1 指代的是 http 协议的版本 200 是返回 OK
Content-Length 指代的是 body 部分的长度
body 里面 存放的是一个 html 的内容，前端 浏览器 需要取渲染 的内容
流程梳理
- server 端监听在 8888 端口处
- 浏览器发起http 请求,
- server 端 epoll 触发 socket ，在reactor 中查询对应的之前配置的 fd 的 回调。
- 进入 accpet 回调函数 获取 clientfd, 然后把 clientfd 在reactor 中配置对应的回调函数 为 recv_cb ,并加入到epoll 兴趣列表里面。
< 犯了个错误 clientfd = accept == -1 扩号搞错了，clientfd 返回的是 == 的判断值> - epoll 检测到 clientfd里面有东西要输出，进入到 recv_cb 的函数中。
recv [6]:GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 172.29.56.30:8888
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: zh,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.7
对我们实现简单的http_server 来说有用的信息
GET 是get 请求
/ 资源定位符
HTTP/1.1 协议版本
6. recv_cb 里面 解析出发送过来的 HTTP 头 的 method 和 resouce 定位
（1） 解析 readline
（2）method 有 get method 和 post method
（3）准备好要发送的内容。放入到 wbuffer 里面 *重点
注意发送头：content-lemngth 是 body 部分的长度
注意发送文件的高效的方式 使用 sendfile
如何深入理解sendfile：需要了解 mmap
（4) 把 fd 的 EPOLLOUT 打开，并 修改 兴趣列表，使得能发送出消息。
- epoll 检测到有消息要发送就进入到 send_cb 里面
实验
文章参考与<零声教育>的C/C++linux服务期高级架构系统教程学习:
服务器高级架构体系：
https://ke.qq.com/course/417774?flowToken=1010783
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