转载自http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten/p/hongten_python_shelve.html
'''
python中的shelve模块,可以提供一些简单的数据操作
他和python中的dbm很相似。
区别如下:
都是以键值对的形式保存数据,不过在shelve模块中,
key必须为字符串,而值可以是python所支持的数据
类型。在dbm模块中,键值对都必须为字符串类型。
sh['a'] = 'a'
sh['c'] = [11, 234, 'a']
sh['t'] = ('1', '2', '3')
sh['d'] = {'a':'2', 'name':'Hongte' }
sh['b'] = 'b'
sh['i'] = 23
我们可以获取一个shelve对象
sh = shelve.open('c:\\test\\hongten.dat', 'c')
删除shelve对象中的某个键值对
del sh['d']
遍历所有数据
for item in sh.items():
print('键[{}] = 值[{}]'.format(item[0], sh[item[0]]))
获取某个键值对
print(sh['a'])
关闭shelve对象:
sh.close()
####################################################
#### API中强调
Do not rely on the shelf being closed automatically;
always call close() explicitly when you don’t need
it any more, or use a with statement with
contextlib.closing().
####################################################
'''
下面是我做的demo,在demo中我做了比较详细的注释和说明,详情如下:
运行效果:
SHOW_LOG = False
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>>
SHOW_LOG : False
删除所有数据...
保存数据...
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62')]
数据[age] = [22]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
##################################################
更新数据...
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
数据[hoby] = [('篮球', '羽毛球', '乒乓球', '游泳')]
数据[age] = [23]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
##################################################
获取某个数据...
获取[address]的值:{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}
##################################################
删除某个数据...
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
数据[age] = [23]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
##################################################
删除所有数据...
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
>>>
SHOW_LOG = True
Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>>
SHOW_LOG : True
删除所有数据...
保存数据...
保存数据[age] = [22]
保存数据[gender] = [M]
保存数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
保存数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62')]
保存数据[name] = [Hongten]
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[age] = [22]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62')]
##################################################
更新数据...
更新数据[name] = [Hongten]
更新数据[hoby] = [('篮球', '羽毛球', '乒乓球', '游泳')]
更新数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
更新数据[age] = [23]
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[age] = [23]
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
数据[hoby] = [('篮球', '羽毛球', '乒乓球', '游泳')]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
##################################################
获取某个数据...
获取[address]的值:{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}
##################################################
删除某个数据...
删除[hoby]的数据
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
数据[age] = [23]
数据[name] = [Hongten]
数据[gender] = [M]
数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
##################################################
删除所有数据...
删除数据[age] = [23]
删除数据[gender] = [M]
删除数据[address] = [{'hometown': 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd': 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}]
删除数据[phone] = [('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')]
删除数据[name] = [Hongten]
##################################################
遍历所有数据...
>>>
=====================================================
代码部分:
=====================================================
#python shelve
#Author : Hongten
#MailTo : hongtenzone@foxmail.com
#QQ : 648719819
#Blog : http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten
#Create : 2013-08-09
#Version: 1.0
import shelve
'''
python中的shelve模块,可以提供一些简单的数据操作
他和python中的dbm很相似。
区别如下:
都是以键值对的形式保存数据,不过在shelve模块中,
key必须为字符串,而值可以是python所支持的数据
类型。在dbm模块中,键值对都必须为字符串类型。
sh['a'] = 'a'
sh['c'] = [11, 234, 'a']
sh['t'] = ('1', '2', '3')
sh['d'] = {'a':'2', 'name':'Hongte' }
sh['b'] = 'b'
sh['i'] = 23
我们可以获取一个shelve对象
sh = shelve.open('c:\\test\\hongten.dat', 'c')
删除shelve对象中的某个键值对
del sh['d']
遍历所有数据
for item in sh.items():
print('键[{}] = 值[{}]'.format(item[0], sh[item[0]]))
获取某个键值对
print(sh['a'])
关闭shelve对象:
sh.close()
####################################################
#### API中强调
Do not rely on the shelf being closed automatically;
always call close() explicitly when you don’t need
it any more, or use a with statement with
contextlib.closing().
####################################################
'''
#global var
#是否显示日志信息
SHOW_LOG = True
def get_shelve():
'''open -- file may get suffix added by low-level library'''
return shelve.open('c:\\test\\hongten.dat', 'c')
def save(sh):
'''保存数据'''
if sh is not None:
sh['name'] = 'Hongten'
sh['gender'] = 'M'
sh['address'] = {'hometown' : 'Shuifu,Yunnan', 'nowadd' : 'Guangzhou,Guangdong'}
sh['phone'] = ('13423****62', '18998****62')
sh['age'] = 22
if SHOW_LOG:
for item in sh.items():
print('保存数据[{}] = [{}]'.format(item[0], sh[item[0]]))
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
def update(sh):
'''更新数据'''
if sh is not None:
sh['name'] = 'Hongten'
sh['hoby'] = ('篮球', '羽毛球', '乒乓球', '游泳')
sh['phone'] = ('13423****62', '18998****62', '020-90909090')
sh['age'] = 23
if SHOW_LOG:
keys = ('name', 'hoby', 'phone', 'age')
for item in keys:
print('更新数据[{}] = [{}]'.format(item, sh[item]))
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
def delete(sh, key):
'''删除某个数据'''
if sh is not None:
if SHOW_LOG:
print('删除[{}]的数据'.format(key))
del sh[key]
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
def deleteall(sh):
'''删除所有数据'''
if sh is not None:
for item in sh.items():
if SHOW_LOG:
print('删除数据[{}] = [{}]'.format(item[0], sh[item[0]]))
del sh[item[0]]
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
def fetchone(sh, key):
'''获取某个数据'''
if sh is not None:
print('获取[{}]的值:{}'.format(key, sh[key]))
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
def fetchall(sh):
'''遍历所有数据'''
if sh is not None:
for item in sh.items():
print('数据[{}] = [{}]'.format(item[0], sh[item[0]]))
sh.close()
else:
print('the shelve object is None!')
###############################################################
### 测试 START
###############################################################
def save_test():
'''保存数据...'''
print('保存数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
save(sh)
def fetchall_test():
'''遍历所有数据'''
print('遍历所有数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
fetchall(sh)
def fetchone_test():
'''获取某个数据'''
print('获取某个数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
key = 'address'
fetchone(sh, key)
def delete_test():
'''删除某个数据'''
print('删除某个数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
key = 'hoby'
delete(sh, key)
def update_test():
'''更新数据...'''
print('更新数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
update(sh)
def deleteall_test():
'''删除所有数据'''
print('删除所有数据...')
sh = get_shelve()
deleteall(sh)
###############################################################
### 测试 END
###############################################################
def init():
global SHOW_LOG
SHOW_LOG = True
print('SHOW_LOG : {}'.format(SHOW_LOG))
deleteall_test()
save_test()
def main():
init()
print('#' * 50)
fetchall_test()
print('#' * 50)
update_test()
print('#' * 50)
fetchall_test()
print('#' * 50)
fetchone_test()
print('#' * 50)
delete_test()
print('#' * 50)
fetchall_test()
print('#' * 50)
deleteall_test()
print('#' * 50)
fetchall_test()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()