在VC中调用Web Servers接口常用有两种方法:
一种是利用Microsoft SOAP Toolkit,但这个必须要另外按装.
第二种可以利用VC的winnet.h中的相关类,自已组装SOAP请求.
第一种方法网上较多,可以百度"SOAP HTTP VC",但第一种方法对于理解web servers接口更好所以选用了第一种.
主要用到的类 : CInternetSession,CHttpConnection CHttpFile
代码:
请求Web servers接口需要有请求的URL(m_strServer)地址及接口所在的名空间(m_strNameSpace).
//step1:构造HTTP请求头部.
strHeader.Format("Content-Type: text/xml; charset=\"UTF-8\"\r\n"
"SOAPAction: \"%s%s\"\r\n", m_strNameSpace, strMethod );
这两个字段都是必须的,按HTTP协议头部的各段之间用换行隔开,POST 字段会在后面创建连接的时候加上去.
//step2:构造HTTP请求消息体:
这里面每个节点的形式都是XXX:YYY其中XXX是名字空间变量(跟C++的域运算符作用相当了),其值在后面的属性中给出,YYY是真正的节点名.例如:一开始的<SOAP:Envelope ..>SOAP是名字空间变量,其值在后面的属性给出: "xmlns:SOAP=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ",按这个说法“SOAP”可以随便换,但Envelope不能因为SOAP协议规定必段以这个节点开始.好多名字空间都必须是固定的.
其中在接口方法名中引入了自已的名字空间: strMethodBegin.Format( "<RECENTCONTACT:%s xmlns:RECENTCONTACT=\"%s\" >", strMethodName , m_strNameSpace);
strMethodEnd.Format( "</RECENTCONTACT:%s>", strMethodName );同理"RECENTcONTACT"可随便替换.
strSoapXML= "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>"
"<SOAP:Envelope SOAP:encodingStyle=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" "
"xmlns:SOAP=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" "
"xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" "
"xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\">";
strSoapXML += "<SOAP:Body>";
CString strMethodBegin, strMethodEnd;
CString strParam;
strMethodBegin.Format( "<RECENTCONTACT:%s xmlns:RECENTCONTACT=\"%s\" >", strMethodName , m_strNameSpace);
strMethodEnd.Format( "</RECENTCONTACT:%s>", strMethodName );
strSoapXML += strMethodBegin;
for ( int i=0; i<nCount; i++ )
{
strParam.Format( "<RECENTCONTACT:in%d xsi:type=\"xsd:%s\">%s</RECENTCONTACT:in%d>",
i, pParam[i].strType, pParam[i].strValue, i );
strSoapXML += strParam;
}
strSoapXML += strMethodEnd;
strSoapXML += "</SOAP:Body>"
"</SOAP:Envelope>";
//step3:发送请求
CInternetSession m_internetSession;
CHttpConnection *m_pHttpConnect=NULL;
CHttpFile *m_pHttpFile=NULL;
try
{
m_pHttpConnect = m_internetSession.GetHttpConnection( m_strServer, m_uPort );
m_pHttpFile= m_pHttpConnect->OpenRequest( CHttpConnection::HTTP_VERB_POST, m_strObj ); //这里会在头部加入POST字段.
if( !m_pHttpFile->AddRequestHeaders( strHeaders , HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_COALESCE | HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD_IF_NEW) )
{
DWORD dw;
dw=GetLastError();
dw=GetLastError();
}
m_pHttpFile->SendRequestEx( strBody.GetLength(), HSR_SYNC | HSR_INITIATE );
m_pHttpFile->Write( strBody, strBody.GetLength() );
m_pHttpFile->EndRequest( HSR_SYNC );
//读取返回值
DWORD dwHttpStatus;
if (!m_pHttpFile->QueryInfoStatusCode(dwHttpStatus))
{
dwHttpStatus = 200;
}
DWORD dwResponseLength = m_pHttpFile->GetLength();
while (0 != dwResponseLength )
{
char *szResponse = new char[dwResponseLength + 1];
szResponse[dwResponseLength] = '\0';
m_pHttpFile->Read(szResponse, dwResponseLength);
strRt += szResponse;
delete[] szResponse;
dwResponseLength = m_pHttpFile->GetLength();
}
}
catch( CInternetException )
{
.....
return strRt;
}
catch (CException* e)
{
...
return strRt;
}
m_pHttpFile->Close();
m_pHttpConnect->Close();
m_internetSession.Close();
return strRt;
代码均从函数中获取,不能直接使用.