一、socket()库函数到系统调用,再到内核
下面的内容是我从网上复制的,自己对着去看了一遍发现有不懂得地方,然后研究了一下,我再把它改一下给后来人看的更明白一些。
1、Linux运行的C库是glibc;
2、socket()调用如下:
1) socket()->__socket():glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/generic/socket.c (weak_alias(name1, name2))
2) __socket():glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/socket.S
3) ENTER_KERNEL:
SYS_ify宏定义为:glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/Sysdept.h
2、socket()调用如下:
1) socket()->__socket():glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/generic/socket.c (weak_alias(name1, name2))
2) __socket():glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/socket.S
3) ENTER_KERNEL:
- movl $SYS_ify(socketcall), %eax /* System call number in %eax. */
- /* Use ## so `socket' is a separate token that might be #define'd. */
- movl $P(SOCKOP_,socket), %ebx /* Subcode is first arg to syscall. */
- lea 4(%esp), %ecx /* Address of args is 2nd arg. */
- /* Do the system call trap. */
- ENTER_KERNEL
movl $SYS_ify(socketcall), %eax /* System call number in %eax. */ /* Use ## so `socket' is a separate token that might be #define'd. */ movl $P(SOCKOP_,socket), %ebx /* Subcode is first arg to syscall. */ lea 4(%esp), %ecx /* Address of args is 2nd arg. */ /* Do the system call trap. */ ENTER_KERNEL这里,
SYS_ify宏定义为:glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/Sysdept.h
- #define SYS_ify(syscall_name) __NR_##syscall_name;
#define SYS_ify(syscall_name) __NR_##syscall_name;
P宏定义为:glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/socket.S
- #define P(a, b) P2(a, b)
- #define P2(a, b) a##b
#define P(a, b) P2(a, b) #define P2(a, b) a##b
其中,##为连接符号;
linux-3.0\arch\x86\include\asm\unistd_32.h (原文不是这样的,我只有linux3.0的源码,注意这个头文件在liunux内核源码中)
- #define __NR_socketcall 102
#define __NR_socketcall 102
SOCKOP_socket:glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/Socketcall.h
- #define SOCKOP_socket 1
#define SOCKOP_socket 1因此,中断号是102,子中断号是1;
4) int 0x80进入内核:glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/Sysdept.h:
- # define ENTER_KERNEL int $0x80
# define ENTER_KERNEL int $0x805) system_call中断入口:linux-3.0/arch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S:(注意这个头文件在liunux内核源码中)
- syscall_call:
- call *sys_call_table(,%eax,4)
syscall_call: call *sys_call_table(,%eax,4)
6) 进入中断向量表:kernel/arch/x86/kernel/syscall_table_32.S中的102号中断:
- .long sys_socketcall
.long sys_socketcall
7) 进入sys_socketcall()函数,根据子中断号以决定走哪个分支:kernel/net/Socket.c:
- switch (call) {
- case SYS_SOCKET:
- break;
- case SYS_BIND:
- …...
switch (call) { case SYS_SOCKET: break; case SYS_BIND: …...
二、socket其他库函数(bind, accept...)
1、对于其他库函数,都是引用上面提到的glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/i386/socket.S来实现的,如
a) bind.S:
- #define socket bind
- #define NARGS 3
- #define NO_WEAK_ALIAS 1
- #include <socket.S>
- weak_alias (bind, __bind)
#define socket bind #define NARGS 3 #define NO_WEAK_ALIAS 1 #include <socket.S> weak_alias (bind, __bind)b) accept.S:
- #define socket accept
- #define __socket __libc_accept
- #define NARGS 3
- #define NEED_CANCELLATION
- #include <socket.S>
- libc_hidden_def (accept)
#define socket accept #define __socket __libc_accept #define NARGS 3 #define NEED_CANCELLATION #include <socket.S> libc_hidden_def (accept)在各个库函数调用中,设置不同的参数,如socket(用于设置子中断号), NARGS(系统调用的参数个数)等,最终由
- movl $P(SOCKOP_,socket), %ebx /* Subcode is first arg to syscall. */
movl $P(SOCKOP_,socket), %ebx /* Subcode is first arg to syscall. */来生成最终的子中断号,然后放到ebx寄存器中;
2、所有socket系统调用的子中断号参见glibc-2.3.6/sysdept/unix/sysv/linux/Socketcall.h:
- #define SOCKOP_socket 1
- #define SOCKOP_bind 2
- #define SOCKOP_connect 3
- #define SOCKOP_listen 4
- #define SOCKOP_accept 5
- #define SOCKOP_getsockname 6
- #define SOCKOP_getpeername 7
- #define SOCKOP_socketpair 8
- #define SOCKOP_send 9
- #define SOCKOP_recv 10
- #define SOCKOP_sendto 11
- #define SOCKOP_recvfrom 12
- #define SOCKOP_shutdown 13
- #define SOCKOP_setsockopt 14
- #define SOCKOP_getsockopt 15
- #define SOCKOP_sendmsg 16
- #define SOCKOP_recvmsg 17