Java自定义注解Annotation及取注解值的例子

1.基本概念如元注解如何使用请看这篇文章,姐姐觉得写的不错啊，拿这个学习的，然后自己测试了一把

2.自定义各种作用范围的注解

a.定义在包上的注解

package annotation;




import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;


@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestPackage {
	public String name() default "TestPackage";
}

b.定义在类上的注解

package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestType {
	public String name() default "TestType";
}

c.定义在构造器上的注解

package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestContructor {
	public String name() default "TestContructor";
}

d.定义在成员变量上的注解

package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestField {
	public String name() default "TestField";
}

e.定义在方法上的注解

package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestMethod {
	public String name() default "TestMethod";
}

f.定义在方法入参上的注解

package annotation;


import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestParameter {

	public String name() default "TestParameter";
}

g.定义在方法里面局部变量的注解，这个暂时没有找到取注解值的办法，如果知道的可以留言教一下姐姐，呵呵

package annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface TestLocalVariable {
	public String name() default "TestLocalVariable";
}

h.包注解不能写在类里面，必须写在一个文件里面package-info.java，这个带横杠无法生成，要用记事本生成，里面写入注解

@TestPackage(name="包注解")
package annotation;

3.测试

package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

@TestType(name = "类")
public class Test {
	private static final String constructors = null;
	@TestField(name = "属性")
	private String s;

	@TestContructor(name = "构造器")
	public Test(String s) {
		this.s = s;
	};

	public Test() {
	};

	@TestMethod(name = "方法")
	public void test(@TestParameter(name = "参数") String a) {
		System.out.println(a);
		@TestLocalVariable(name = "本地变量")
		String s = "";
		System.out.println(s);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
	
		// 获取Test类对象
		Class<Test> clazz = Test.class;

		 //可以通过I/O操作或配置项获得包名  
        Package pkg = Package.getPackage("annotation");  
        //获得指定包上的注解  
        System.out.println(Package.getPackage("annotation").getAnnotation(TestPackage.class).name());  
        //获得包上的注解  
        for(Annotation an:Package.getPackage("annotation").getAnnotations()){  
            if(an instanceof TestPackage){  
                System.out.println(((TestPackage) an).name());  
        
            }  
        }  
        
        
		// 获取类对象为testtype注解的值
		System.out.println("获取TestType注解的值------"+clazz.getAnnotation(TestType.class).name());
		
		// 获取类对象为@TestContructor某个成员变量注解的值
		System.out.println("获取指定TestContructor注解的值------"+clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class).getAnnotation(TestContructor.class).name());

		// 获取所有成员变量
		@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
		Constructor[] constructorss = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
		for (Constructor constructor : constructorss) {
			if (constructor.isAnnotationPresent(TestContructor.class)) {
				System.out.println("获取TestContructor注解的值------"+((TestContructor) constructor.getAnnotation(TestContructor.class)).name());
			}
		}

		// 获取类对象为testfield某个成员变量注解的值
		System.out.println("获取指定TestField注解的值------"+clazz.getDeclaredField("s").getAnnotation(TestField.class).name());

		// 获取所有成员变量
		Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
		for (Field field : fields) {
			if (field.isAnnotationPresent(TestField.class)) {
				System.out.println("获取TestField注解的值------"+field.getAnnotation(TestField.class).name());
			}
		}

		// 获取类对象为TestMethod某个方法注解的值
		Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("test", String.class);
		System.out.println("获取指定TestMethod注解的值------"+method.getAnnotation(TestMethod.class).name());

		// 获取所有方法的值
		Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
		System.out.println(methods.length);
		for (Method m : methods) {
			if (m.isAnnotationPresent(TestMethod.class)) {
				System.out.println("获取TestMethod注解的值------"+m.getAnnotation(TestMethod.class).name());
				System.out.println(m.getParameterAnnotations().length);
				
				for (Annotation[] parameterAnnotation : m.getParameterAnnotations()) {
					for (Annotation annotation : parameterAnnotation) {
						if (annotation instanceof TestParameter) {
							TestParameter param = (TestParameter) annotation;
							System.out.println("获取TestParameter注解的值------"+param.name());
						}
					}
				}
				

			}

		}
	}
}

4.结果如下

5.完事了~~~~~