Android 自定义组件属性方式



Android中自定义属性（attrs.xml，TypedArray的使用）

2012年05月01日 ⁄ Android 编程 ⁄ 暂无评论 ⁄ 被围观 3,391 次+

做Android布局是件很享受的事，这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用，自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢？现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。
1、添加文件attrs.xml，位于res\values目录下：

1	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2	<resources>

 

3	<declare-styleable name="myView">
4	<attr name="textColor" format="color"/>

 

5	<attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/>
6	</declare-styleable>

 

7	</resources>

2、创建自定义控件：

1	package com.szy.custom;
2

 

3	import com.szy.custom.R;
4

 

5	import android.content.Context;
6	import android.content.res.TypedArray;

 

7	import android.graphics.Canvas;
8	import android.graphics.Color;

 

9	import android.graphics.Paint;
10		import android.graphics.Rect;

 

11	import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
12	import android.util.AttributeSet;

 

13	import android.view.View;
14

 

15	public class MyView extends View {
16	private Paint myPaint;

 

17	private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!";
18

 

19	public MyView(Context context) {
20	super(context);

 

21	// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
22	}

 

23
24	public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) {

 

25	super(context, attr);
26	myPaint = new Paint();

 

27	TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器
28	float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义，就加上了默认值30

 

29	int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名
30	myPaint.setTextSize(textSize);

 

31	myPaint.setColor(textColor);
32	a.recycle();//我的理解是：返回以前取回的属性，供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段

 

33	}
34	@Override

 

35	protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
36	// TODO Auto-generated method stub

 

37	super.onDraw(canvas);
38	//myPaint = new Paint();

 

39	myPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
40	myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);

 

41
42	canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint);

 

43	myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
44	canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint);

 

45	}
46	}

3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件：

1		<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2	<LinearLayout xmlns:android="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>"

 

3	xmlns:test="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>"
4		android:orientation="vertical"

 

5	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
6	android:layout_height="fill_parent"

 

7	>
8	<TextView

 

9	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
10		android:layout_height="wrap_content"

 

11	android:text="@string/hello"
12	/>

 

13	<com.adnroid.test.MyView
14	android:layout_width="fill_parent"

 

15	android:layout_height="fill_parent"
16	test:textSize="10px"

 

17	test:textColor="#fff"
18	/>

 

19	</LinearLayout>

附：Android中自定义属性的格式详解
1. reference：参考某一资源ID。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                  <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <ImageView
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                    />
2. color：颜色值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                  <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <TextView
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                    />
3. boolean：布尔值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                  <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <Button
                   android:layout_width = "42dip"
                   android:layout_height = "42dip"
                   android:focusable = "true"
                   />
4. dimension：尺寸值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                  <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <Button
                   android:layout_width = "42dip"
                   android:layout_height = "42dip"
                   />
5. float：浮点值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                  <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                  <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <alpha
                  android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                  android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                  />
6. integer：整型值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                  <attr name = "visible" />
                  <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                  <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                  <attr name = "pivotX" />
                  <attr name = "pivotY" />
                  <attr name = "drawable" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
           <animated-rotate
                  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                  android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                  android:pivotX = "50%" 
                  android:pivotY = "50%" 
                  android:framesCount = "12" 
                  android:frameDuration = "100"
                  />
7. string：字符串。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                  <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
           <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                   android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                   android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                   android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                   />
8. fraction：百分数。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                  <attr name = "visible" />
                  <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                  <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                  <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                  <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                  <attr name = "drawable" />
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
           <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
　　            android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                android:fromDegrees = "0"
　　            android:toDegrees = "360"
                android:pivotX = "200%"
                android:pivotY = "300%"
　　            android:duration = "5000"
                android:repeatMode = "restart"
                android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                  />
9. enum：枚举值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name="名称">
                  <attr name="orientation">
                         <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                         <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                  </attr>           
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
           <LinearLayout
                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                   android:orientation = "vertical"
                   android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                   android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                   >
           </LinearLayout>
10. flag：位或运算。
     （1）属性定义：
            <declare-styleable name="名称">
                   <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                           <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                           <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                           <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                           <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                           <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                           <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                           <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                           <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                           <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                           <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                    </attr>        
            </declare-styleable>
     （2）属性使用：
            <activity
                  android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                  android:label = "@string/app_name"
                  android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged　|　stateHidden">
                  <intent-filter>
                         <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                         <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                  </intent-filter>

            </activity>
     注意：
     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
    （1）属性定义：
           <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                  <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color"/>
           </declare-styleable>
    （2）属性使用：
            <ImageView
                    android:layout_width = "42dip"
                    android:layout_height = "42dip"
                    android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                    />