02 常用命令

1 帮助命令

1.1 docker --version

显示docker的版本信息

1.2 docker info

显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器

1.3 docker [命令] --help

查看命令的帮助信息

2 docker镜像命令

2.1 docker images

查看所有本地的主机上的镜像

演示

• REPOSITORY: 镜像的仓库源
• tag：镜像的标签
• image id: 镜像id
• size：镜像大小

帮助信息

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker images --help

Usage:	docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images) 展示所有镜像
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only show numeric IDs   只展示id

演示一下-q

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker images -q
bf756fb1ae65

2.2 docker search [image]

搜索镜像

演示搜索mysql镜像

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9677                [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3520                [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   705                                     [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   77
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   70
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   61                                      [OK]
bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      42                                      [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                                      [OK]
tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35
schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   30                                      [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              28                                      [OK]
linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   25
databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         24
centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   19
circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   19
mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   16
arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      14                                      [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   7                                       [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6
genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  5                                       [OK]
devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                                       [OK]
jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1
monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0
widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   0                                       [OK]

帮助信息

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker search --help

Usage:	docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

Search the Docker Hub for images

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

演示filter 过滤STARS大于3000的

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
mysql               MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9677                [OK]
mariadb             MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3520                [OK]

2.2 docker pull [image]

拉取下载镜像，默认拉取最新版

演示下载mysql镜像

下载指定版本的mysql

此时在使用docker images 命令查看镜像

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql               5.7                 9cfcce23593a        2 weeks ago         448MB
mysql               latest              be0dbf01a0f3        2 weeks ago         541MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        5 months ago        13.3kB

2.3 docker rmi 删除镜像

删除镜像
rmi: rm不就是linux中的删除，i表示image

查看帮助信息

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker rmi --help

Usage:	docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]   可以批量删除

Remove one or more images

Options:
  -f, --force      Force removal of the image  强制删除
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents

删除的时候可以通过镜像id或者镜像的名称删除

删除刚刚最新版的mysql （镜像id：be0dbf01a0f3）

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker rmi -f be0dbf01a0f3
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
Deleted: sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576
Deleted: sha256:086d66e8d1cb0d52e9337eabb11fb9b95960e2e1628d90100c62ea5e8bf72306
Deleted: sha256:f37c61ee1973b18c285d0d5fcf02da4bcdb1f3920981499d2a20b2858500a110
Deleted: sha256:e40b8bca7dc63fc8d188a412328e56caf179022f5e5d5b323aae57d233fb1069
Deleted: sha256:339f6b96b27eb035cbedc510adad2560132925a835f0afddbcc1d311c961c14b
Deleted: sha256:d38b06cdb26a5c98857ddbc6ef531d3f57b00e325c0c314600b712efc7ff6ab0

再查看

wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql               5.7                 9cfcce23593a        2 weeks ago         448MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        5 months ago        13.3kB
wyaoyao@wangyaoyaodeMacBook-Pro ~ %

3 容器命令

有了镜像，才可以创建容器，准备一个centos的镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

3.1 新建容器并启动 docker run

参数说明

1. –name==“name” 容器的名字
2. -d 后台方式运行
3. -it 使用户交互式方式运行，进入容器查看内容
4. -p 指定容器端口
   • -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
   • -p 主机端口: 容器端口 -----常用
   • -p 容器端口
5. -P 随机指定端口

测试：

3.2 docker ps

参数：

1. 无参数： 列出当前正在运行的容器
2. -a： 列出历史运行的容器
3. -n=? : 显示最近创建的容器
4. -q: 只显示容器的编号
   

3.3 退出容器

刚刚的exit是容器停止并退出，
ctrl + p + q: 退出不停止

3.4 删除容器

docker rm 容器id  删除指定容器
docker rm -f 容器id  强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm  删除所有的容器(通过管道符先过滤出出来进行删除)

3.5 容器启动和停止

docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id

演示