现在主流的Web MVC框架除了Struts这个主力 外,其次就是Spring MVC了,因此这也是作为一名程序员需要掌握的主流框架,框架选择多了,应对多变的需求和业务时,可实行的方案自然就多了。不过要想灵活运用Spring MVC来应对大多数的Web开发,就必须要掌握它的配置及原理。
一、Spring MVC环境搭建:(Spring 2.5.6 + Hibernate 3.2.0)
1. jar包引入
Spring 2.5.6:spring.jar、spring-webmvc.jar、commons-logging.jar、cglib-nodep-2.1_3.jar
Hibernate 3.6.8:hibernate3.jar、hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar、antlr-2.7.6.jar、commons-collections-3.1、dom4j-1.6.1.jar、javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar、jta-1.1.jar、slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar、slf4j-nop-1.6.4.jar、相应数据库的驱动jar包
2. web.xml配置(部分)
04 | < servlet-name >spring</ servlet-name > |
05 | < servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</ servlet-class > |
12 | < load-on-startup >1</ load-on-startup > |
16 | < servlet-name >spring</ servlet-name > |
17 | < url-pattern >*.do</ url-pattern > |
25 | < listener-class >org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</ listener-class > |
31 | < param-name >contextConfigLocation</ param-name > |
32 | < param-value >classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</ param-value > |
3. spring-servlet.xml配置
spring-servlet这个名字是因为上面web.xml中<servlet-name>标签配的值为spring(<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>),再加上“-servlet”后缀而形成的spring-servlet.xml文件名,如果改为springMVC,对应的文件名则为springMVC-servlet.xml。
01 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
02 | < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
03 | xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" |
04 | xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" |
05 | xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd |
06 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd |
07 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd |
08 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/context <A href = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd" >http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd</ A >"> |
11 | < context:annotation-config /> |
14 | < context:component-scan base-package = "controller" ></ context:component-scan > |
17 | < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" /> |
20 | < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix = "/jsp/" p:suffix = ".jsp" /> |
4. applicationContext.xml配置
01 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> |
02 | < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" |
03 | xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" |
04 | xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" |
05 | xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" |
07 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd |
08 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd |
09 | http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> |
12 | < bean id = "sessionFactory" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" > |
13 | < property name = "configLocation" > |
14 | < value >classpath:config/hibernate.cfg.xml</ value > |
19 | < bean id = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > |
20 | < property name = "sessionFactory" > |
21 | < ref local = "sessionFactory" /> |
26 | < tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "transactionManager" proxy-target-class = "true" /> |
29 | < bean id = "loginService" class = "service.LoginService" ></ bean > |
32 | < bean id = "hibernateDao" class = "dao.HibernateDao" > |
33 | < property name = "sessionFactory" ref = "sessionFactory" ></ property > |
二、详解
Spring MVC与Struts从原理上很相似(都是基于MVC架构),都有一个控制页面请求的Servlet,处理完后跳转页面。看如下代码(注解):
03 | import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
05 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
06 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
07 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; |
12 | public class TestController { |
14 | @RequestMapping ( "test/login.do" ) |
15 | public String testLogin( @RequestParam (value= "username" )String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) { |
19 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password)) { |
22 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
25 | @RequestMapping ( "/test/login2.do" ) |
26 | public ModelAndView testLogin2(String username, String password, int age){ |
30 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) { |
31 | return new ModelAndView( "loginError" ); |
33 | return new ModelAndView( new RedirectView( "../index.jsp" )); |
38 | @RequestMapping ( "/test/login3.do" ) |
39 | public ModelAndView testLogin3(User user) { |
41 | String username = user.getUsername(); |
42 | String password = user.getPassword(); |
43 | int age = user.getAge(); |
45 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) { |
46 | return new ModelAndView( "loginError" ); |
48 | return new ModelAndView( "loginSuccess" ); |
51 | @Resource (name = "loginService" ) |
52 | private LoginService loginService; |
54 | @RequestMapping ( "/test/login4.do" ) |
55 | public String testLogin4(User user) { |
56 | if (loginService.login(user) == false ) { |
59 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
以上4个方法示例,是一个Controller里含有不同的请求url,也可以采用一个url访问,通过url参数来区分访问不同的方法,代码如下:
03 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
04 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
05 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; |
08 | @RequestMapping ( "/test2/login.do" ) |
09 | public class TestController2 { |
12 | public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { |
15 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) { |
18 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
21 | @RequestMapping (params = "method=1" , method=RequestMethod.POST) |
22 | public String testLogin2(String username, String password) { |
26 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password)) { |
29 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
32 | @RequestMapping (params = "method=2" ) |
33 | public String testLogin3(String username, String password, int age) { |
34 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) { |
37 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
其实RequestMapping在Class上,可看做是父Request请求url,而RequestMapping在方法上的可看做是子Request请求url,父子请求url最终会拼起来与页面请求url进行匹配,因此RequestMapping也可以这么写:
03 | import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; |
04 | import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; |
07 | @RequestMapping ( "/test3/*" ) |
08 | public class TestController3 { |
10 | @RequestMapping ( "login.do" ) |
11 | public String testLogin(String username, String password, int age) { |
12 | if (! "admin" .equals(username) || ! "admin" .equals(password) || age < 5 ) { |
15 | return "loginSuccess" ; |
三、结束语
掌握以上这些Spring MVC就已经有了很好的基础了,几乎可应对与任何开发,在熟练掌握这些后,便可更深层次的灵活运用的技术,如多种视图技术,例如 Jsp、Velocity、Tiles、iText 和 POI。Spring MVC框架并不知道使用的视图,所以不会强迫您只使用 JSP 技术。
转自:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/6983027