es搜索核心与实战Day03（Mapping）

es搜索核心与实战Day03（Mapping）

一.Mapping

• Mapping类似数据库中的schema的定义，作用如下

​ 1. 定义索引中的字段的名称

​ 2.定义字段的数据类型，例如字符串，数字，布尔…

​ 3.字段，倒排索引的相关配置，(Analyzed or Not Analyzed,Analyzer)

• Mapping 会把JSON文档映射成Lucene所需要的扁平格式

• 一个Mapping属于一个索引的Type

​ 1. 每个文档都属于一个Type，

​ 2. 一个Type有一个Mapping定义

​ 3. 7.0开始，不需要在Mapping定义中指定type信息

二.字段的数据类型

• 简单类型

​ 1.Text / Keyword

​ 2.Date

​ 3. Integer / Floating

​ 4.BooleanI

​ 5.IPv4 & IPv6

• 复杂类型 -对象和嵌套对象

• 对象类型 /嵌套类型
• 特殊类型
  • geo_ point & geo_ shape / percolator

//写入文件查看mapping
PUT mapping_test/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Chan",
  "lastName":"Jackie",
  "loginDate":"2018-07-24T10:29:48.1032"
}
//查看mapping文件
GET mapping_test/_mapping
//Delete index
DELETE mapping_test
//dynamic mapping,推断字段的类型
PUT mapping_text/_doc/1
{
  "uid":"123",
  "isVip":"false",
  "isAdmin":"true",
  "age":19,
  "heigh":180
}
//查看Dynamic
GET mapping_text/_mapping

	‘true’	’false‘	‘strict’
文档可索引	YES	YES	NO
字段可索引	YES	NO	NO
Mapping被更新	YES	NO	NO

3.定义mapping

PUT movies
{
	"mappings": {
		"doc":{
			"dynamic" :"false"
		}
	}
}

• 当dynamic被设置成false的时候，存在新增字段的数据写入，该数据可以被索引,但是新增字段被丢弃
• 当设置成Strict模式时候，数据写入直接报错

如何定义一个Mapping

PUT movies
{
	"mappings": {
		//define your mappings here
	}
}

Index -控制当前字段是否被索引。默认为true。如果设置成false, 该字段不可被搜索

PUT users
{
	"mappings" : {
		"properties" : {
			"firstName" : {
				"type" : "text"
			}，
			"lastName" : {
				"type" : "text"
				//对NULL值实现搜索
				"null_value":"NULL"
			},
			"mobile" : {
				"type" : "text" ,
				//该字段不可被搜索
				"index": false
				}
			}
		}
}

4.数组类型

//数组类型
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"onebirds",
  "interests":"reading"
}


PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"twobirds",
  "interests":["reading","music"]
}

POST users/_search
{
  "query":{
    "match_all":{}
  }
}

5.char_filter

//自动去除html标签
POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "keyword",
  "char_filter": ["html_strip"],
  "text": "<b>hello world</b>"
}

//使用char fillter进行替换
POST _analyze
{
  "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
    {
      "type":"mapping",
      "mappings":["- => _"]
    }
    ],
    "text": "123-456, I-test! test-990 650-555-1234"
}

//char fillter替换表情符号
POST _analyze
{
   "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
    {
      "type":"mapping",
      "mappings":[":)=>happy",":(=>sad"]
    }
    ],
    "text":["I am felling :)","Feeling :( today"]
}

//正则表达式
GET _analyze
{
   "tokenizer": "standard",
  "char_filter": [
    {
      "type":"pattern_replace",
      "pattern":"http://(.*)",
      "replacement":"$1"
    }
    ],
    "text":"http://www.elastic.co"
}

6.whitespace与stop

//whitespace与stop
GET _analyze
{
  "tokenizer":"whitespace",
  "filter":["stop"],
  "text":["The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain."]
}

//remove加入lowercase后，The被当成stopword删除
GET _analyze
{
   "tokenizer":"whitespace",
  "filter":["lowercase","stop"],
  "text":["The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plan."]
}