openWrt uci API

UCI是Unified Configuration Interface的缩写，翻译成中文就是统一配置接口，用途就是为OpenWrt提供一个集中控制的接口。OpenWrt实现的这个工具，能够让你的不管是Lua还是PHP程序，或者SHELL程序或C程序，只要执行命令传输参数就能达到修改系统参数的目的。

UCI 是OpenWRT为实现配置集中化而引入的一个软件包, 通过修改UCI,可以实现对OpenWRT的绝对部分配置的修改.LUCI(OpenWRT 的WEB配置界面)也是通过

读UCI配置文件的操作来实现用户对路由的配置的。通过掌握UCI的API的使用,可以方便地将您的软件的配置接口集成到LUCI中.

LUCI配置文件简介

LUCI的配置文件一般存储在/etc/config/目录下。比如无线配置/etc/config/wireless.

基本概念

UCI 上下文：struct uci_context *

包(package)：一个包对应的一个UCI格式的文件，类型是struct uci_package *

节(section)：一个配置文件的节点，类型是struct uci_list *

值(value)：一个节下面可能包含多个值，一个值只有一个名称

基本的数据结构

struct uci_package：包结构体。它对应一个配置文件内容

struct uci_package
{
	struct uci_element e;
	struct uci_list sections;
	struct uci_context *ctx;
	bool has_delta;
	char *path;

	/* private: */
	struct uci_backend *backend;
	void *priv;
	int n_section;
	struct uci_list delta;
	struct uci_list saved_delta;
};

struct uci_section：节点结构体，它对应配置文件中的节

struct uci_section
{
	struct uci_element e;
	struct uci_list options;
	struct uci_package *package;
	bool anonymous;
	char *type;
};

struct uci_option：选项结构体，它对应配置文件节中的option或list

struct uci_option
{
	struct uci_element e;
	struct uci_section *section;
	enum uci_option_type type;
	union {
		struct uci_list list;
		char *string;
	} v;
};

struct uci_ptr：元素位置指针结构，用来查询并保存对应位置元素

struct uci_ptr
{
	enum uci_type target;
	enum {
		UCI_LOOKUP_DONE =     (1 << 0),
		UCI_LOOKUP_COMPLETE = (1 << 1),
		UCI_LOOKUP_EXTENDED = (1 << 2),
	} flags;

	struct uci_package *p;
	struct uci_section *s;
	struct uci_option *o;
	struct uci_element *last;

	const char *package;
	const char *section;
	const char *option;
	const char *value;
};

struct uci_context：uci上下文结构，贯穿查询、更改配置文件全过程

struct uci_context
{
	/* list of config packages */
	struct uci_list root;

	/* parser context, use for error handling only */
	struct uci_parse_context *pctx;

	/* backend for import and export */
	struct uci_backend *backend;
	struct uci_list backends;

	/* uci runtime flags */
	enum uci_flags flags;

	char *confdir;
	char *savedir;

	/* search path for delta files */
	struct uci_list delta_path;

	/* private: */
	int err;
	const char *func;
	jmp_buf trap;
	bool internal, nested;
	char *buf;
	int bufsz;
};

几个基本的API函数

/**
 * uci_alloc_context: Allocate a new uci context
 */
struct uci_context *uci_alloc_context(void);   //动态申请一个uci的上下文结构

/**
 * uci_free_context: Free the uci context including all of its data
 */
void uci_free_context(struct uci_context *ctx);   //释放由uci_alloc_context申请的uci上下文结构且包括它的所有数据

/**
 * uci_lookup_ptr: Split an uci tuple string and look up an element tree
 * @ctx: uci context
 * @ptr: lookup result struct
 * @str: uci tuple string to look up
 * @extended: allow extended syntax lookup
 *
 * if extended is set to true, uci_lookup_ptr supports the following
 * extended syntax:
 *
 * Examples:
 *   network.@interface[0].ifname ('ifname' option of the first interface section)
 *   network.@interface[-1]       (last interface section)
 * Note: uci_lookup_ptr will automatically load a config package if necessary
 * @str must not be constant, as it will be modified and used for the strings inside @ptr,
 * thus it must also be available as long as @ptr is in use.
 */
int uci_lookup_ptr(struct uci_context *ctx, struct uci_ptr *ptr, char *str, bool extended);   //由给定的元组查找元素