StringBuffer的一些常用方法 - Java

StringBuffer的一些常用方法 - Java

（1）StringBuffer与String区别

String中不能改变字符串的值，如果要改变String中的值，此时String的地址也会发生改变。当如果要对字符串进行多次大量的修改时，使用String对字符串进行修改，则会浪费大量的内存空间，也会使得代码效率低。对此，当我们对字符串进行修改时，我们应该使用StringBuffer类来对字符串进行修改。

通过代码对StringBuffer与String进行理解

import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "Hello World!!!";
        //对字符串进行操作，String会改变地址
        str.replace('H','W');
        System.out.println(str);
        StringBuffer strbu = new StringBuffer();
        strbu.append("Hello ");
        strbu.append("World!!!");
        System.out.println(strbu);
    }
}

执行结果为：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=52197:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\yauproject\Demo01\out\production\Demo01" com.cn.ex.Main
Hello World!!!
Hello World!!!

Process finished with exit code 0

可见，我们对String类的字符串进行了字符的替换操作，可原来的字符串并没有改变。其原因是String改变之后的值存在了另外一片内存之中，所以原来地址中的值没有发生改变。
而StringBuffer类，我们将两个字符串进行了连接操作，而原来的地址上的值发生了改变，变为了对字符串操作完之后的值。所以，String对字符串进行改变之后，地址会发生改变，地址中存放的值改变之后的值，原地址中的值没有发生改变，StringBuffer是直接在原来的地址上对字符串进行操作的。

（2）StringBuffer的一些常用类

(1)字符串的拼接.append()

import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer strbu = new StringBuffer();
        strbu.append("Hello ");
        strbu.append("World");
        strbu.append("!!!");
        System.out.println(strbu);
    }
}

执行结果为：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=52399:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\yauproject\Demo01\out\production\Demo01" com.cn.ex.Main
Hello World!!!

Process finished with exit code 0

append方法，就是对字符串进行连接。上述为代码为：Hello +World+!!!
（2）字符串的反转.reverse()

import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer strbu = new StringBuffer();
        strbu.append("Hello ");
        strbu.append("World");
        strbu.append("!!!");
        System.out.println(strbu);
        strbu.reverse();
        System.out.println(strbu);
    }
}

执行结果为：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=52433:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\yauproject\Demo01\out\production\Demo01" com.cn.ex.Main
Hello World!!!
!!!dlroW olleH

Process finished with exit code 0

reverse()方法，就是对字符串进行反转。
（3）删除字符串.delete()

import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer strbu = new StringBuffer();
        strbu.append("Hello ");
        strbu.append("World");
        strbu.append("!!!");
        System.out.println(strbu);
        strbu.delete(6,11);
        System.out.println(strbu);
    }
}

代码执行结果为：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=52594:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\yauproject\Demo01\out\production\Demo01" com.cn.ex.Main
Hello World!!!
Hello !!!

Process finished with exit code 0

delect()方法，就是删除字符串中的字符，（i，j）意思是从第i个位置开始，删除 j - i 个值。上述中由，第6个下标的之开始删除5个字符，所以删除的是World字符串
（4）插入字符.insert()

import java.lang.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuffer strbu = new StringBuffer();
        strbu.append("Hello ");
        strbu.append("World");
        strbu.append("!!!");
        System.out.println(strbu);
        strbu.delete(6,11);
        System.out.println(strbu);
        strbu.insert(6,"World");
        System.out.println(strbu);
    }
}

代码执行结果为：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=52599:D:\env\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_172\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\yauproject\Demo01\out\production\Demo01" com.cn.ex.Main
Hello World!!!
Hello !!!
Hello World!!!

Process finished with exit code 0

insert()方法，就是在第i个位置插入字符。上述 insert(6,“World”) 的意思是，在下标为6的位置插入字符“World”。