leetcode 365. Water and Jug Problem
题目:
You are given two jugs with capacities x and y litres. There is an infinite amount of water supply available. You need to determine whether it is possible to measure exactly z litres using these two jugs.
If z liters of water is measurable, you must have z liters of water contained within one or both buckets by the end.
Operations allowed:
- Fill any of the jugs completely with water.
- Empty any of the jugs.
- Pour water from one jug into another till the other jug is completely full or the first jug itself is empty.
Example 1: (From the famous “Die Hard” example)
Input: x = 3, y = 5, z = 4
Output: True
Example 2:
Input: x = 2, y = 6, z = 5
Output: False
解法:
拿到这个题,我最开始的想法是直接找出可以测量出水量的解法,比如:
z = x + y || z = x || z = y
- 且必须满足
z <= x + y
但是后来发现,当 x,y各放一半且能把 z 全部放出的时候,也是满足题意的,这就有点让人不懂了。
后来搜了一下解题大神的解法,思路大致如下:
设 z = ax + by
,设 u = gcd(x,y)
,也即求出x,y的最大公约数 u ,所以x = nu ,y = mu
,随后原式 z = anu + bmu
= (an+bm)u
;
所以这个题我们就可以看作是求 z 可否由 x,y的最大公约数的倍数表示,也即 (z % gcd(x,y) == 0)
是否成立
代码:
class Solution {
public:
bool canMeasureWater(int x, int y, int z) {
return z == 0 || (x + y >= z && z % gcd(x, y) == 0);
}
int gcd(int x, int y) {
return y == 0 ? x : gcd(y, x % y);
}
};