[Linux]pthread学习笔记
<UNIX环境高级编程(第二版)> 线程学习P287-P297
#include <pthread.h>
//新建线程
int
pthread_create(pthread_t *restrict tidp,
const
pthread_attr_t *restrict attr,
void
*(*start_rtn)(
void
*),
void
*restrict arg);
//线程终止
void
pthread_exit(
void
*rval_ptr);
//线程自身主动退出
int
pthread_join(pthread_t tid,
void
**rval_ptr);
//其他线程阻塞自身,等待tid退出
//线程清理
void
pthread_cleanup_push(
void
(*rtn)(
void
*),
void
*arg);
void
pthread_cleanup_pop(
int
execute);
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补充说明:
1. 线程创建
pthread_create()函数返回值0,表示创建成功,线程id保存载tidp中;失败则返回非零,需自行处理,不会修改errno值
2. 线程终止
a. 任一线程调用exit, _Exit, _exit都将导致整个进程终止;
b. 单个线程退出方式有三种:
1> 线程执行函数start_rtn()中使用return返回,返回值为线程退出码;
2> 被同一个进程的其他线程使用pthread_cancel()取消;
3> 线程自身调用了pthread_exit();
说明:pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **rval_ptr)函数会阻塞调用线程,直到tid线程通过上述三种方式终止退出,且return/pthread_exit()方式会设置相应线程退出码rval_ptr,而pthread_cancel()取消的线程,将退出码设置为PTHREAD_CANCELED.
3. 线程清理处理程序(thread cleanup handler)
3.a> pthread_cleanup_push()与pthread_cleanup_pop()均为<pthread.h>中实现的宏定义,具体实现如下:
pthread_cleanup_push and pthread_cleanup_pop are macros and must always
be used in matching pairs at the same nesting level of braces. */
# define pthread_cleanup_push(routine, arg) \
do
{ \
__pthread_cleanup_class __clframe (routine, arg)
/* Remove a cleanup handler installed by the matching pthread_cleanup_push.
If EXECUTE is non-zero, the handler function is called. */
# define pthread_cleanup_pop(execute) \
__clframe.__setdoit (execute); \
}
while
(0)
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可见push/pop中的{/}是一一对应的,因此pthread_cleanup_push/pop()也应一一对应出现,否则编译出错。
3.b> 当线程执行下列之一操作时调用清理函数,thread_cleanup_push由栈结构实现,注意清理程序调用的顺序,先入后出。
1: 调用pthread_exit()时,而直接return不会出发清理函数;
2: 相应取消请求pthread_cancel()时;
3: 使用非零execute参数调用pthread_cleanup_pop()时;
尤其需注意pthread_cleanup_pop()参数不同及此语句所处位置不同而有不同效果。
看此代码实例,注意return或pthread_exit()位置不同导致pthread_cleanup_pop()不同参数的效果变化。
#include <pthread.h>
void
testPointerSize()
{
void
*tret;
printf
(
"size of pointer in x86-64:%d\n"
,
sizeof
(tret));
//result is 8 in x86-64.
//which is 4 in x86-32.
printf
(
"size of int in x86-64:%d\n"
,
sizeof
(
int
));
//result is 4 in x86-64.
//which is also 4 in x86-32.
}
void
cleanup(
void
*arg)
{
printf
(
"cleanup:%s\n"
,(
char
*)arg);
}
void
* thr_fn1(
void
*arg)
{
printf
(
"thread 1 start\n"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 1 first handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 1 second handler"
);
if
(arg)
return
((
void
*)1);
//arg !=0 ,return here.
// return here will not triger any cleanup.
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
return
((
void
*)2);
//will not run this
}
void
* thr_fn2(
void
*arg)
{
printf
(
"thread 2 start\n"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 2 first handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 2 second handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
return
((
void
*)2);
// return here can triger cleanup second handler;
}
void
* thr_fn3(
void
*arg)
{
printf
(
"thread 3 start\n"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 3 first handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 3 second handler"
);
if
(arg)
pthread_exit((
void
*)3);
//pthread_exit() here will triger both cleanup first&second handler.
pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_exit((
void
*)3);
//wont run this
}
void
* thr_fn4(
void
*arg)
{
printf
(
"thread 4 start\n"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 4 first handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_push(cleanup,
"thread 4 second handler"
);
pthread_cleanup_pop(1);
pthread_cleanup_pop(0);
pthread_exit((
void
*)4);
//pthread_exit() here will triger cleanup second handler.
}
int
main(
void
)
{
testPointerSize();
int
err;
pthread_t tid1, tid2, tid3, tid4;
void
*tret;
err = pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, thr_fn1, (
void
*)1);
err = pthread_join(tid1,&tret);
printf
(
"thread 1 exit code %d\n"
,(
int
)tret);
err = pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, thr_fn2, (
void
*)2);
err = pthread_join(tid2, &tret);
printf
(
"thread 2 exit code %d\n"
,(
int
)tret);
err = pthread_create(&tid3, NULL, thr_fn3, (
void
*)3);
err = pthread_join(tid3,&tret);
printf
(
"thread 3 exit code %d\n"
,(
int
)tret);
err = pthread_create(&tid4, NULL, thr_fn4, (
void
*)4);
err = pthread_join(tid4, &tret);
printf
(
"thread 4 exit code %d\n"
,(
int
)tret);
}
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运行结果:
[root@hello testData]# ./test
size of pointer in x86-64:8
size of
int
in x86-64:4
thread
1 start
thread
1
exit
code 1
thread
2 start
cleanup:
thread
2 first handler
thread
2
exit
code 2
thread
3 start
cleanup:
thread
3 second handler
cleanup:
thread
3 first handler
thread
3
exit
code 3
thread
4 start
cleanup:
thread
4 second handler
thread
4
exit
code 4
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由上述测试程序总结如下:
1> push与pop间的return,将导致清理程序不被触发;
2> 位于pop之后return,由pop的参数确定是否触发清理程序,非零参数触发,零参数不触发;
3> push/pop间的pthread_exit(),将触发所有清理函数;
4>位于pop之后的pthread_exit()时,pop参数决定是否触发清理程序;
其实,上述四种情况只是测试验证了前文3.b所说三个条件,加深理解。