统计一个整数n的二进制表示中1的个数的几种解法

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-22 01:25:57 发布

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分类专栏：算法导论面试题 C/C++

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统计一个整数n的二进制表示中1的个数；

分析：此题有多种解法.

1. 除2取余法：求一个整数的二进制的表示是，用的方法是除2取余。对于本题，只是统计一下余数为1的个数而已。

2. 位模式法+移位：1的变种，用移位代除2，该方法更高效。用位模式，与1相与，取得一位。

3. 模式位法： n = n& (n -1); 考虑 n 与 n -1的二进制表示，两者相&, n-1总能将n的最低位的1，置0.

4. 分而治之法：分析，n的二进制表示中位为1的位中1，还可以表示该位的1的个数为1。基于这个计数的性质。

要求一个n位的整数的二进制的表示中1的个数：

(1).若n为1，返回该位的值；即该位上1的个数；

(2) 若n>1时，等于其前n/2位中1的个数+后n/2位中1的个数；

扩展问题一：判断一个整数n是否为2的幂？？(tip: if(n && (n & (n-1)) == 0 ) return 1;)即其二进制表示中只有一个1；

int isPowerOf2(unsigned int n) {
    if(n && (n & (n-1)）== 0) return 1;
     
    return 0;
}

扩展问题二：判断一个整数n是否为4的幂？？

分析：一个整数是4的幂，则该数是2的幂，由扩展问题一知，其二进制表示中只有一个1.

而一个数是2的幂未必就是4的幂。一个数是4的幂，满足该数的4进制表示中只有一个1.

即该数的二进制的表示中只有一个1，且该1只能出现在该数的二进制表示2bit组（4进制）的低位，

代码是实现如下：

int isPowerOf4(unsigned int n) {
      if(n == 0) return 0;
      if(n & (n-1) ) return 0; //不是2的幂；
     
      return  n & 0x55555555; //1只能出现在4进制表示的2bit分组的低位

}

通过以上的扩展问题一，二，我们能够设计出判断一个整数n是否2的k次幂p（p= 2^k)的幂。

对于的2的k次幂p（p = 2^k）的整数次幂n，n满足：

《1》n的2进制表示中只有一位为1，即，n是2的幂；

《2》n的p进制表示中只有一位为1，即，n的二进制表示中，将bits按k位分组，且只有一个k位分组的最低位为1.

具体实现代码及其测试如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

int countBitsOf1(int n);
int numOfOnes_0(int n);
int numOfOnes_1(int n);
int numOfOnes_2(int n);

int numOfOnesInDecimalN(int n);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

//      printf("%d \n", countBitsOf1(-1));
//      printf("%d \n", countBitsOf1(1));
//      printf("%d \n", countBitsOf1(0));
//      printf("%d \n", countBitsOf1(15));

        char i;
        for(i = 1; i; ++i) {
                assert(numOfOnes_0(i) == countBitsOf1(i));
                assert(numOfOnes_1(i) == countBitsOf1(i));
                assert(numOfOnes_2(i) == countBitsOf1(i));

                printf("number of 1 bit in %d  is  %d \n", i, countBitsOf1(i));
        }

        return 0;
}
//统计n的十进制表示中1的个数
int numOfOnesInDecimalN(int n) {
        unsigned m = n > 0 ? n : -n;
        int count = 0;
        while(m) {
                if(m%10 == 1) ++count;
                m /= 10;
        }

        return count;
}

//统计n的二进制表示中1的个数:模2取余法
int numOfOnes_0(int n) {
        unsigned m = (unsigned)n;
        int count = 0;
        while(m) {
                if(m%2) ++count;
                m /= 2;
        }

        return count;
}


//统计n的二进制表示中1的个数:模2取余法的变种，模式位+移位法
int numOfOnes_1(int n) {
        unsigned m = (unsigned)n;
        int count = 0;
        while(m) {
                if(m & 1) ++count;
                m >>= 1;
        }

        return count;
}

//统计n的二进制表示中1的个数:模式位法：n&(n-1) 总能将n的最右边的1置0;
int numOfOnes_2(int n) {
        int count = 0;

        while(n) {
                ++count;
                n = n & (n-1);
        }

        return count;
}

//采用分而治之的方法统计n的二进制表示中1的bits
int countBitsOf1(int n) {
        n = (n & 0x55555555) + ((n & 0xaaaaaaaa) >> 1); //2bits一组，用2bit表示这个2bit中1的个数
        n = (n & 0x33333333) + ((n & 0xcccccccc) >> 2); //4bits一组
        n = (n & 0x0f0f0f0f) + ((n & 0xf0f0f0f0) >> 4); //8bits组
        n = (n & 0x00ff00ff) + ((n & 0xff00ff00) >> 8); //16bits组
        n = (n & 0x0000ffff) + ((n & 0xffff0000) >> 16); //32bits组

        return n;

}

测试结果：如下

number of 1 bit in 1  is  1
number of 1 bit in 2  is  1
number of 1 bit in 3  is  2
number of 1 bit in 4  is  1
number of 1 bit in 5  is  2
number of 1 bit in 6  is  2
number of 1 bit in 7  is  3
number of 1 bit in 8  is  1
number of 1 bit in 9  is  2
number of 1 bit in 10  is  2
number of 1 bit in 11  is  3
number of 1 bit in 12  is  2
number of 1 bit in 13  is  3
number of 1 bit in 14  is  3
number of 1 bit in 15  is  4
number of 1 bit in 16  is  1
number of 1 bit in 17  is  2
number of 1 bit in 18  is  2
number of 1 bit in 19  is  3
number of 1 bit in 20  is  2
number of 1 bit in 21  is  3
number of 1 bit in 22  is  3
number of 1 bit in 23  is  4
number of 1 bit in 24  is  2
number of 1 bit in 25  is  3
number of 1 bit in 26  is  3
number of 1 bit in 27  is  4
number of 1 bit in 28  is  3
number of 1 bit in 29  is  4
number of 1 bit in 30  is  4
number of 1 bit in 31  is  5
number of 1 bit in 32  is  1
number of 1 bit in 33  is  2
number of 1 bit in 34  is  2
number of 1 bit in 35  is  3
number of 1 bit in 36  is  2
number of 1 bit in 37  is  3
number of 1 bit in 38  is  3

number of 1 bit in 39  is  4
number of 1 bit in 40  is  2
number of 1 bit in 41  is  3
number of 1 bit in 42  is  3
number of 1 bit in 43  is  4
number of 1 bit in 44  is  3
number of 1 bit in 45  is  4
number of 1 bit in 46  is  4
number of 1 bit in 47  is  5
number of 1 bit in 48  is  2
number of 1 bit in 49  is  3
number of 1 bit in 50  is  3
number of 1 bit in 51  is  4
number of 1 bit in 52  is  3
number of 1 bit in 53  is  4
number of 1 bit in 54  is  4
number of 1 bit in 55  is  5
number of 1 bit in 56  is  3
number of 1 bit in 57  is  4
number of 1 bit in 58  is  4
number of 1 bit in 59  is  5
number of 1 bit in 60  is  4
number of 1 bit in 61  is  5
number of 1 bit in 62  is  5
number of 1 bit in 63  is  6
number of 1 bit in 64  is  1
number of 1 bit in 65  is  2
number of 1 bit in 66  is  2
number of 1 bit in 67  is  3
number of 1 bit in 68  is  2
number of 1 bit in 69  is  3
number of 1 bit in 70  is  3
number of 1 bit in 71  is  4
number of 1 bit in 72  is  2
number of 1 bit in 73  is  3
number of 1 bit in 74  is  3
number of 1 bit in 75  is  4
number of 1 bit in 76  is  3

number of 1 bit in 77  is  4
number of 1 bit in 78  is  4
number of 1 bit in 79  is  5
number of 1 bit in 80  is  2
number of 1 bit in 81  is  3
number of 1 bit in 82  is  3
number of 1 bit in 83  is  4
number of 1 bit in 84  is  3
number of 1 bit in 85  is  4
number of 1 bit in 86  is  4
number of 1 bit in 87  is  5
number of 1 bit in 88  is  3
number of 1 bit in 89  is  4
number of 1 bit in 90  is  4
number of 1 bit in 91  is  5
number of 1 bit in 92  is  4
number of 1 bit in 93  is  5
number of 1 bit in 94  is  5
number of 1 bit in 95  is  6
number of 1 bit in 96  is  2
number of 1 bit in 97  is  3
number of 1 bit in 98  is  3
number of 1 bit in 99  is  4
number of 1 bit in 100  is  3
number of 1 bit in 101  is  4
number of 1 bit in 102  is  4
number of 1 bit in 103  is  5
number of 1 bit in 104  is  3
number of 1 bit in 105  is  4
number of 1 bit in 106  is  4
number of 1 bit in 107  is  5
number of 1 bit in 108  is  4
number of 1 bit in 109  is  5
number of 1 bit in 110  is  5
number of 1 bit in 111  is  6
number of 1 bit in 112  is  3
number of 1 bit in 113  is  4
number of 1 bit in 114  is  4

number of 1 bit in 115  is  5
number of 1 bit in 116  is  4
number of 1 bit in 117  is  5
number of 1 bit in 118  is  5
number of 1 bit in 119  is  6
number of 1 bit in 120  is  4
number of 1 bit in 121  is  5
number of 1 bit in 122  is  5
number of 1 bit in 123  is  6
number of 1 bit in 124  is  5
number of 1 bit in 125  is  6
number of 1 bit in 126  is  6
number of 1 bit in 127  is  7
number of 1 bit in -128  is  25
number of 1 bit in -127  is  26
number of 1 bit in -126  is  26
number of 1 bit in -125  is  27
number of 1 bit in -124  is  26
number of 1 bit in -123  is  27
number of 1 bit in -122  is  27
number of 1 bit in -121  is  28
number of 1 bit in -120  is  26
number of 1 bit in -119  is  27
number of 1 bit in -118  is  27
number of 1 bit in -117  is  28
number of 1 bit in -116  is  27
number of 1 bit in -115  is  28
number of 1 bit in -114  is  28
number of 1 bit in -113  is  29
number of 1 bit in -112  is  26
number of 1 bit in -111  is  27
number of 1 bit in -110  is  27
number of 1 bit in -109  is  28
number of 1 bit in -108  is  27
number of 1 bit in -107  is  28
number of 1 bit in -106  is  28
number of 1 bit in -105  is  29
number of 1 bit in -104  is  27

number of 1 bit in -103  is  28
number of 1 bit in -102  is  28
number of 1 bit in -101  is  29
number of 1 bit in -100  is  28
number of 1 bit in -99  is  29
number of 1 bit in -98  is  29
number of 1 bit in -97  is  30
number of 1 bit in -96  is  26
number of 1 bit in -95  is  27
number of 1 bit in -94  is  27
number of 1 bit in -93  is  28
number of 1 bit in -92  is  27
number of 1 bit in -91  is  28
number of 1 bit in -90  is  28
number of 1 bit in -89  is  29
number of 1 bit in -88  is  27
number of 1 bit in -87  is  28
number of 1 bit in -86  is  28
number of 1 bit in -85  is  29
number of 1 bit in -84  is  28
number of 1 bit in -83  is  29
number of 1 bit in -82  is  29
number of 1 bit in -81  is  30
number of 1 bit in -80  is  27
number of 1 bit in -79  is  28
number of 1 bit in -78  is  28
number of 1 bit in -77  is  29
number of 1 bit in -76  is  28
number of 1 bit in -75  is  29
number of 1 bit in -74  is  29
number of 1 bit in -73  is  30
number of 1 bit in -72  is  28
number of 1 bit in -71  is  29
number of 1 bit in -70  is  29
number of 1 bit in -69  is  30
number of 1 bit in -68  is  29
number of 1 bit in -67  is  30
number of 1 bit in -66  is  30

number of 1 bit in -65  is  31
number of 1 bit in -64  is  26
number of 1 bit in -63  is  27
number of 1 bit in -62  is  27
number of 1 bit in -61  is  28
number of 1 bit in -60  is  27
number of 1 bit in -59  is  28
number of 1 bit in -58  is  28
number of 1 bit in -57  is  29
number of 1 bit in -56  is  27
number of 1 bit in -55  is  28
number of 1 bit in -54  is  28
number of 1 bit in -53  is  29
number of 1 bit in -52  is  28
number of 1 bit in -51  is  29
number of 1 bit in -50  is  29
number of 1 bit in -49  is  30
number of 1 bit in -48  is  27
number of 1 bit in -47  is  28
number of 1 bit in -46  is  28
number of 1 bit in -45  is  29
number of 1 bit in -44  is  28
number of 1 bit in -43  is  29
number of 1 bit in -42  is  29
number of 1 bit in -41  is  30
number of 1 bit in -40  is  28
number of 1 bit in -39  is  29
number of 1 bit in -38  is  29
number of 1 bit in -37  is  30
number of 1 bit in -36  is  29
number of 1 bit in -35  is  30
number of 1 bit in -34  is  30
number of 1 bit in -33  is  31
number of 1 bit in -32  is  27
number of 1 bit in -31  is  28
number of 1 bit in -30  is  28
number of 1 bit in -29  is  29
number of 1 bit in -28  is  28
number of 1 bit in -27  is  29
number of 1 bit in -26  is  29
number of 1 bit in -25  is  30
number of 1 bit in -24  is  28
number of 1 bit in -23  is  29
number of 1 bit in -22  is  29
number of 1 bit in -21  is  30
number of 1 bit in -20  is  29
number of 1 bit in -19  is  30
number of 1 bit in -18  is  30
number of 1 bit in -17  is  31
number of 1 bit in -16  is  28
number of 1 bit in -15  is  29
number of 1 bit in -14  is  29
number of 1 bit in -13  is  30
number of 1 bit in -12  is  29
number of 1 bit in -11  is  30
number of 1 bit in -10  is  30
number of 1 bit in -9  is  31
number of 1 bit in -8  is  29
number of 1 bit in -7  is  30
number of 1 bit in -6  is  30
number of 1 bit in -5  is  31
number of 1 bit in -4  is  30
number of 1 bit in -3  is  31
number of 1 bit in -2  is  31
number of 1 bit in -1  is  32

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统计一个整数n的二进制表示中1的个数的几种解法

统计一个整数n的二进制表示中1的个数；分析：此题有多种解法.1. 除2取余法：求一个整数的二进制的表示是，用的方法是除2取余。对于本题，只是统计一下余数为1的个数而已。2. 位模式法+移位：1的变种，用移位代除2，该方法更高效。用位模式，与1相与，取得一位。3. 模式位法： n = n& (n -1); 考虑 n 与 n -1的二进制表示，两者相&, n-1总能将n的最低位的1，
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