Python的循环语句

for循环语句

Python 中的 for 语句是 对任意序列进行迭代（即列表，元组，字典，集合或字符串），条目的迭代顺序与它们在序列中出现的顺序一致

words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
for x in words:
    print(x, ',', len(x))

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
cat , 3
window , 6
defenestrate , 12
Process finished with exit code 0

for循环用于推导式

for循环用于列表推导式

lst = [1, 2, 3]
l = [x ** 2 for x in lst]

print(l)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
[1, 4, 9]
Process finished with exit code 0

for循环用于字典推导式

dsk = {1:"one", 2:"two", 3:"three"}
d = {x for x in dsk}

print(d)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
{1, 2, 3}
Process finished with exit code 0

对字典数据类型进行for循环迭代时，迭代的是键

for循环迭代序列的副本

在遍历同一个集合时修改该集合的代码可能很难获得正确的结果。通常，更直接的做法是循环遍历该集合的副本或创建新集合

lst = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]
for x, y in lst.copy():
    print('x = ', x, ' y = ', y)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
x =  1  y =  2
x =  3  y =  4
x =  5  y =  6
Process finished with exit code 0

for循环遍历字符串

str = "apple, banana"
for c in str:
    print('c = ', c)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
c =  a
c =  p
c =  p
c =  l
c =  e
c =  ,
c =   
c =  b
c =  a
c =  n
c =  a
c =  n
c =  a
Process finished with exit code 0

break语句跳出for循环

lst = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
for l in lst:
    print('l = ', l)
    if l == 'banana':
        break

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
l =  apple
l =  banana
Process finished with exit code 0

continue语句停止当前迭代继续迭代下一个的for循环

lst = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
for l in lst:
    if l == 'banana':
        continue
    print('l = ', l)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
l =  apple
l =  orange
Process finished with exit code 0

for循环迭代range产生的序列

for x in range(5):
    print(x)

输出：

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
0
1
2
3
4

Process finished with exit code 0

带else分支语句的for循环

for 循环中的 else 关键字指定循环结束时要执行的代码块

for x in range(5):
    print(x)
else:
  print("Finally finished!")

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
0
1
2
3
4
Finally finished!
Process finished with exit code 0

嵌套的for循环语句

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = ["one", "two", "three"]

for x in a:
  for y in b:
    print(x, y)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
1 one
1 two
1 three
2 one
2 two
2 three
3 one
3 two
3 three

pass语句的for循环

*for 语句不能为空，但是如果您处于某种原因写了无内容的 for 语句，请使用 pass 语句来避免错误。

for x in [0, 1, 2]:
  pass

while循环语句

如果使用 while 循环，只要条件为真，我们就可以执行一组语句。

i = 1
while i < 7:
    print(i);
    i += 1

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
Process finished with exit code 0

break语句跳出while循环

i = 1
while i < 7:
  print(i)
  if i == 3:
    break
  i += 1

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
1
2
3
Process finished with exit code 0

continue语句继续while循环

i = 0
while i < 7:
  i += 1
  if i == 3:
    continue
  print(i)

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
1
2
4
5
6
7
Process finished with exit code 0

带else语句的while循环

通过使用 else 语句，当条件不再成立时，我们可以运行一次代码块：

i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
  i += 1
else:
  print("i is no longer less than 6")

输出:

E:\Python3\Exercise\venv\Scripts\python.exe E:/Python3/Exercise/venv/01.py
1
2
3
4
5
i is no longer less than 6
Process finished with exit code 0

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