MNIST代码总结

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
import math
# from tf.keras.models import Sequential  # This does not work!
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import InputLayer, Input
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Reshape, MaxPooling2D
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Conv2D, Dense, Flatten

from mnist import MNIST
data = MNIST(data_dir="data/MNIST/")

print("Size of:")
print("- Training-set:\t\t{}".format(data.num_train))
print("- Validation-set:\t{}".format(data.num_val))
print("- Test-set:\t\t{}".format(data.num_test))

# The number of pixels in each dimension of an image.
img_size = data.img_size

# The images are stored in one-dimensional arrays of this length.
img_size_flat = data.img_size_flat

# Tuple with height and width of images used to reshape arrays.
img_shape = data.img_shape

# Tuple with height, width and depth used to reshape arrays.
# This is used for reshaping in Keras.
img_shape_full = data.img_shape_full

# Number of classes, one class for each of 10 digits.
num_classes = data.num_classes

# Number of colour channels for the images: 1 channel for gray-scale.
num_channels = data.num_channels

def plot_images(images, cls_true, cls_pred=None):
    assert len(images) == len(cls_true) == 9   # 判断输入参数是否符合要求,cls_true是true classes
    
    # Create figure with 3x3 sub-plots.
    #轴域（Axes）的感念确实可以先理解成一些轴（Axis）的集合，当然这个集合还有很多轴（Axis）的属性，标注等等
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 3)
    fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.3, wspace=0.3)

    for i, ax in enumerate(axes.flat):
        # Plot image.
        ax.imshow(images[i].reshape(img_shape), cmap='binary') #Map，计算机语言函数，作用是映射的关键码。

        # Show true and predicted classes.
        if cls_pred is None:
            xlabel = "True: {0}".format(cls_true[i])
        else:
            xlabel = "True: {0}, Pred: {1}".format(cls_true[i], cls_pred[i])

        # Show the classes as the label on the x-axis.
        ax.set_xlabel(xlabel)
        
        # Remove ticks from the plot.
        ax.set_xticks([])
        ax.set_yticks([])
    
    # Ensure the plot is shown correctly with multiple plots
    # in a single Notebook cell.
    #plt.imshow()函数负责对图像进行处理，并显示其格式，而plt.show()则是将plt.imshow()处理后的函数显示出来
    plt.show()

# Get the first images from the test-set.
images = data.x_test[0:9]

# Get the true classes for those images.
cls_true = data.y_test_cls[0:9]

# Plot the images and labels using our helper-function above.
plot_images(images=images, cls_true=cls_true)

# Helper-function to plot example errors

def plot_example_errors(cls_pred):
    # cls_pred is an array of the predicted class-number for
    # all images in the test-set.

    # Boolean array whether the predicted class is incorrect.
    incorrect = (cls_pred != data.y_test_cls)

    # Get the images from the test-set that have been
    # incorrectly classified.
    images = data.x_test[incorrect]
    
    # Get the predicted classes for those images.
    cls_pred = cls_pred[incorrect]

    # Get the true classes for those images.
    cls_true = data.y_test_cls[incorrect]
    
    # Plot the first 9 images.
    plot_images(images=images[0:9],
                cls_true=cls_true[0:9],
                cls_pred=cls_pred[0:9])

#Sequential Model
#The Keras API has two modes of constructing Neural Networks. The simplest is the Sequential Model which only allows for the layers to be added in sequence.