手把手教你安装Docker（详细）

Docker基本组成

镜像

容器

仓库

安装Docker

环境准备

linux环境

# 系统环境
[root@vm088141 ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"


# 内核版本
[root@vm088141 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64

安装

# 1.卸载旧版本
yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
                  
# 2.需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils

# 3.仓库地址
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  #默认是国外的
    
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  #阿里云镜像地址

# 4.更新yum安装包索引(centos8>>yum makecache)
[root@vm088141 ~]# yum makecache fast

# 5.安装docker相关的
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 6.启动
[root@vm088141 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.11
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.16.9
 Git commit:        dea9396
 Built:             Thu Nov 18 00:38:53 2021
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.11
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.16.9
  Git commit:       847da18
  Built:            Thu Nov 18 00:37:17 2021
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.4.12
  GitCommit:        7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.2
  GitCommit:        v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

# 7.运行hello world
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:cc15c5b292d8525effc0f89cb299f1804f3a725c8d05e158653a563f15e4f685
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

# 8.查看镜像
[root@vm088141 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG        IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world    latest     feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago    13.3kB
openjdk        11.0.9.1   1eec9f9fe101   10 months ago   628MB
jdk11-gisuni   latest     b243476ec00c   17 months ago   700MB

阿里云镜像加速

登录阿里云–控制台–产品服务–容器服务–容器镜像服务–镜像工具–镜像加速器

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://epkm0sts.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

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