mysql启动不了，报错“[ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it”

启动mysql时报错如下：

170316 10:38:43 [Warning] '--default-character-set' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use '--character-set-server' instead.
170316 10:38:43 [Warning] /usr/libexec/mysqld: Option '--set-variable' is deprecated. Use --variable-name=value instead.
170316 10:38:43 [Warning] Can't create test file /data/mysql/sanceng.lower-test
170316 10:38:43 [Warning] Can't create test file /data/mysql/sanceng.lower-test
/usr/libexec/mysqld: Can't find file: './mysql/plugin.frm' (errno: 13)
170316 10:38:43 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
170316 10:38:43  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 2.0G
170316 10:38:43  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
170316 10:38:43  InnoDB: Operating system error number 13 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means mysqld does not have the access rights to
InnoDB: the directory.
InnoDB: File name ./ibdata1
InnoDB: File operation call: 'open'.
InnoDB: Cannot continue operation.
170316 10:38:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

意思是找不到plugin.frm文件引起，这样不仅导致数据库启动不了，连pid文件和mysql.sock文件也找不到，不能登录到数据库内。

问题解决是将selinux关掉就可以了。在/etc/selinux/config下永久关闭，临时关闭使用setenforce 0命令。

Centos 5.6在默认安装的时候是seLinux是启动的。如果你用yum安装mysql的话，默认的数据库路径是在/var/lib/mysql。很多时候我们不想把数据库放在默认的位置。如果我们移动了数据库的位置，你会发现在默认情况下MYSQL是无法启动的。这主要是SELINUX的限制。你新目录上的安全上下文设置就会真不正确。

不必要时关闭掉selinux。

另外注意data目录的权限。