不用循环，python numpy 数组如何对每个元素进行操作

>>>import numpy as np
>>> a = np.random.randn(5,5)
>>>a
array([[-0.41332305, -0.89819726,  0.00230665,  1.22772589,  0.38366591],
       [-0.90198011,  0.03564843, -1.28926568,  2.18393331,  0.10967645],
       [ 0.45699427, -0.13016951,  0.90630688,  0.48602874, -1.10298832],
       [ 0.36888316, -0.714038  , -0.66919675, -0.81525787,  1.41081888],
       [ 1.95669035, -0.93295112, -0.24652865,  0.97873326,  0.24871858]])
#方法一
>>> np.minimum(a,1)
array([[-0.35197027, -0.42240549,  0.26679478,  0.21464243,  0.26239148],
       [-0.07749789,  0.235409  , -1.46625603, -0.29844664, -1.05742573],
       [-1.70085612,  1.        , -0.4486504 , -0.34203943, -0.16684031],
       [ 0.7492834 ,  1.        ,  0.43738106,  1.        ,  0.57563926],
       [ 0.41377862,  0.91504777, -0.46647957,  1.        , -0.55535723]])
#方法二
>>> np.where(a<1,a,1)
array([[-0.35197027, -0.42240549,  0.26679478,  0.21464243,  0.26239148],
       [-0.07749789,  0.235409  , -1.46625603, -0.29844664, -1.05742573],
       [-1.70085612,  1.        , -0.4486504 , -0.34203943, -0.16684031],
       [ 0.7492834 ,  1.        ,  0.43738106,  1.        ,  0.57563926],
       [ 0.41377862,  0.91504777, -0.46647957,  1.        , -0.55535723]])
#方法三
>>> a[a>1] = 1
>>> a
array([[-0.35197027, -0.42240549,  0.26679478,  0.21464243,  0.26239148],
       [-0.07749789,  0.235409  , -1.46625603, -0.29844664, -1.05742573],
       [-1.70085612,  1.        , -0.4486504 , -0.34203943, -0.16684031],
       [ 0.7492834 ,  1.        ,  0.43738106,  1.        ,  0.57563926],
       [ 0.41377862,  0.91504777, -0.46647957,  1.        , -0.55535723]])