二叉树遍历的迭代算法

#include <iostream>
#include <stack>

using namespace std;

struct Node {  
	Node(int i, Node* l = NULL, Node* r = NULL) : item(i), left(l), right(r) {}  
	int item;  
	Node* left;  
	Node* right;  
};  

Node* construct() {  
	Node* node6 = new Node(16);  
	Node* node5 = new Node(12);  
	Node* node4 = new Node(8);  
	Node* node3 = new Node(4);  
	Node* node2 = new Node(14, node5, node6);  
	Node* node1 = new Node(6, node3, node4);  
	Node* node0 = new Node(10, node1, node2);  

	return node0;  
}

//递归算法
void inorder(Node *root)
{
	if (root == NULL)
		return;
	inorder(root->left);
	cout << root->item << " ";
	inorder(root->right);
}

void preorder(Node *root)
{
	if(root == NULL)
		return;

	cout << root->item << " ";
	preorder(root->left);
	preorder(root->right);
}

void postorder(Node *root)
{
	if (root == NULL)
		return;

	postorder(root->left);
	postorder(root->right);
	cout << root->item << " ";
}

void postorder2(Node *root)
{
	if (root == NULL)
		return;

	stack<Node *> nstack;
	Node *pre = NULL;
	nstack.push(root);
	Node *node = NULL;

	while (!nstack.empty())
	{
		node = nstack.top();
		if (pre != node->left && pre != node->right)
		{
			if (node->right)
				nstack.push(node->right);
			if (node->left)
				nstack.push(node->left);
		}

		if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL 
			|| pre == node->left || pre == node->right)
		{
			cout << node->item << " ";
			nstack.pop();
		}
		pre = node;
	}
}

void preorder2(Node *root)
{
	if(root == NULL)
		return;

	stack<Node *> nstack;
	Node *node = root;

	while (node != NULL || !nstack.empty())
	{
		while(node != NULL)
		{
			cout << node->item << " ";
			nstack.push(node);
			node = node->left;
		}
		node = nstack.top();
		nstack.pop();
		node = node->right;
	}
}

void preorder3(Node *root)
{
	if (root == NULL)
		return;

	stack<Node *> nstack;
	nstack.push(root);
	Node *node = NULL;

	while (!nstack.empty())
	{
		node = nstack.top();
		nstack.pop();
		cout << node->item << " ";

		if (node->right)
			nstack.push(node->right);
		if (node->left)
			nstack.push(node->left);
	}
}

//迭代算法
void inorder2(Node *root)
{
	if(root == NULL)
		return;

	stack<Node *> nstack;
	nstack.push(root);
	Node *next = root->left;

	while (next != NULL || !nstack.empty())
	{
		while (next != NULL)
		{
			nstack.push(next);
			next = next->left;
		}
		next = nstack.top();
		nstack.pop();

		cout << next->item << " ";
		next = next->right;
	}
}

int main()
{
	Node *root = construct();
	cout << "---------中序遍历递归---------" << endl;
	inorder(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------中序遍历迭代---------" << endl;
	inorder2(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------先序遍历递归---------" << endl;
	preorder(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------先序遍历迭代1---------" << endl;
	preorder2(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------先序遍历迭代2---------" << endl;
	preorder3(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------后序遍历递归---------" << endl;
	postorder(root);
	cout << endl;
	cout << "---------后序遍历迭代---------" << endl;
	postorder2(root);
}